Table 2 Characteristics* of women according to quintiles of resting heart rate
From: Elevated resting heart rate is associated with the metabolic syndrome
Women (n = 2,600) | 1st Quintile | 2nd Quintile | 3rd Quintile | 4th Quintile | 5th Quintile | ANOVA | P for linear trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR < 64 | 64 ≤ HR < 70 | 70 ≤ HR < 76 | 76 ≤ HR < 82 | HR ≥ 82 | P Value | ||
n = 518 | n = 519 | n = 571 | n = 454 | n = 538 | |||
Age (years) | 47 (10) | 46 (10) | 44 (10) | 42 (10) | 41 (11) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Waist (cm) | 80 (11) | 81 (11) | 81 (11) | 83 (13) | 82 (13) | 0.006 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.5 (3.9) | 24.8 (4.1) | 25.0 (4.2) | 25.6 (5.3) | 25.3 (5.1) | 0.002 | < 0.001 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 73 (7) | 73 (8) | 73 (8) | 74 (8) | 75 (9) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 115 (14) | 116 (15) | 115 (15) | 116 (15) | 118 (16) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Alcohol consumption (glass/week) | 0.7 (1.6) | 0.5 (1.3) | 0.6 (1.3) | 0.5 (1.2) | 0.4 (1.0) | 0.007 | 0.006 |
Physical exercise (hours/week) | 2.7 (2.8) | 2.0 (2.4) | 1.7 (2.4) | 1.7 (2.5) | 1.6 (2.6) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Smoking status, n(%) | |||||||
Former | 158 (30.5) | 128 (24.7) | 140 (24.5) | 101 (22.2) | 105 (19.5) | 0.001 | |
Never | 360 (69.5) | 391 (75.3) | 431 (75.5) | 353 (77.8) | 433 (80.5) | ||
Hypertension, n (%) | 45 (8.7) | 56 (10.8) | 50 (8.8) | 55 (12.1) | 81 (15.1) | 0.004 | |
Metabolic Syndrome, n (%) | 27 (5.2) | 36 (6.9) | 47 (8.2) | 47 (10.4) | 74 (13.3) | < 0.001 | |
Glucose (mmol/l) | 4.89 (0.52) | 4.90 (0.51) | 5.00 (0.68) | 5.01 (0.87) | 5.14 (0.91) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
HDL Cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.72 (0.39) | 1.70 (0.37) | 1.68 (0.37) | 1.66 (0.37) | 1.68 (0.40) | 0.165 | 0.031 |
LDL Cholesterol (mmol/l) | 3.07 (0.83) | 3.09 (0.86) | 3.06 (0.87) | 3.03 (0.82) | 3.02 (0.82) | 0.635 | 0.165 |
Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 0.89 | 0.96 | 1.03 | 1.04 | 1.11 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |