Table 1 Characteristics* of men according to quintiles of resting heart rate
From: Elevated resting heart rate is associated with the metabolic syndrome
Men (N = 5,106) | 1st Quintile | 2nd Quintile | 3rd Quintile | 4th Quintile | 5th Quintile | ANOVA | P for linear trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR < 60 | 60 ≤ HR < 67 | 67 ≤ HR < 73 | 73 ≤ HR < 80 | HR ≥ 80 | P Value | ||
n = 947 | n = 1137 | n = 1020 | n = 1009 | n = 993 | |||
Age (years) | 43 (11) | 44 (11) | 44 (11) | 43 (11) | 42 (10) | 0.080 | 0.135 |
Waist (cm) | 92 (9) | 94 (9) | 95 (11) | 96 (10) | 96 (11) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.8 (3.0) | 26.4 (3.2) | 26.8 (3.7) | 27.0 (3.8) | 27.3 (4.1) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 76 (7) | 77 (7) | 78 (8) | 78 (8) | 80 (9) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 121 (12) | 123 (14) | 123 (14) | 123 (14) | 127 (15) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Alcohol consumption (glasses/week) | 1.4 (2.2) | 1.4 (2.5) | 1.1 (1.7) | 1.2 (2.4) | 0.8 (1.6) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Physical exercise (hours/week) | 3.3 (3.1) | 2.4 (2.6) | 2.3 (2.7) | 2.0 (2.5) | 1.8 (2.4) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Smoking status, n(%) | |||||||
Former | 305 (32.2) | 347 (30.5) | 309 (30.3) | 271 (26.9) | 268 (27.0) | 0.031 | |
Never | 642 (67.8) | 790 (69.5) | 711 (69.7) | 738 (73.1) | 725 (73.0) | ||
Hypertension, n (%) | 123 (13.0) | 196 (17.2) | 200 (19.6) | 203 (20.1) | 287 (28.9) | < 0.001 | |
Metabolic Syndrome, n (%) | 59 (6.2) | 121 (10.6) | 127 (12.5) | 157 (15.6) | 210 (21.1) | < 0.001 | |
Glucose (mmol/l) | 5.08 (0.64) | 5.15 (0.69) | 5.19 (0.79) | 5.26 (0.96) | 5.46 (1.31) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
HDL Cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.36 (0.29) | 1.31 (0.26) | 1.31 (0.26) | 1.29 (0.26) | 1.28 (0.23) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
LDL Cholesterol (mmol/l) | 3.09 (0.78) | 3.18 (0.80) | 3.19 (0.82) | 3.19 (0.84) | 3.22 (0.83) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.08 | 1.21 | 1.25 | 1.34 | 1.38 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |