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Figure 1 | Cardiovascular Diabetology

Figure 1

From: Pioglitazone enhances collateral blood flow in ischemic hindlimb of diabetic mice through an Akt-dependent VEGF-mediated mechanism, regardless of PPARγ stimulation

Figure 1

a. Foot blood flow monitored in vivo by laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) in control, STZ-diabetic, pioglitazone-treated and pioglitazone+GW9662-treated mice. Evaluation of the ischemic (right) and non-ischemic (left) hindlimbs, immediately after and on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after surgery. Red indicates normal perfusion while blue a marked reduction in blood flow of ischemic hindlimb. Pioglitazone restored blood flow recovery in diabetic mice, compared with normoglycemic mice. Interestingly, pioglitazone associated with selective PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 restored blood flow recovery in diabetic mice. The blood flow of the ischemic hindlimb is expressed as the ratio between perfusion of the ischemic limb versus uninjured limb. *p < 0.05 vs control, STZ-diabetic and pioglitazone-treated mice. b. LDPI in control, STZ-diabetic, GW1929-treated mice. Selective PPARγ agonist GW1929 did not restore blood flow recovery in diabetic mice, compared with normoglycemic and STZ-diabetic mice.*p < 0.05 vs STZ-diabetic and GW1929-treated mice. c. LDPI in control, STZ-diabetic and pioglitazone+FP-124-treated mice. Pioglitazone associated with selective Akt inhibitor FP-124 did not restore blood flow recovery in diabetic mice, compared with normoglycemic and STZ-diabetic mice.*p < 0.05 vs STZ-diabetic and pioglitazone+FP-124-treated mice.

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