Paleolithic | Diabetes | P* | |
---|---|---|---|
Total weight (g) | 1445 ± 367 | 1456 ± 312 | 0.9 |
Total energy (MJ) | 6.6 ± 1.2 | 7.9 ± 1.6 | 0.005 |
(kcal) | 1581 ± 295 | 1878 ± 379 | 0.005 |
Energy density (kJ/g) | 4.7 ± 0.7 | 5.6 ± 1.1 | 0.02 |
Protein (g) | 94 ± 18 | 90 ± 14 | 0.5 |
(E%) | 24 ± 3 | 20 ± 4 | 0.0001 |
Carbohydrate (g) | 125 ± 43 | 196 ± 61 | 0.00001 |
(E%) | 32 ± 7 | 42 ± 7 | 0.0001 |
Fat (g) | 68 ± 11 | 72 ± 20 | 0.6 |
(E%) | 39 ± 5 | 34 ± 6 | 0.04 |
Alcohol (g) | 6.3 ± 8.9 | 3.6 ± 5.6 | 0.2 |
(E%) | 3 ± 4 | 1 ± 2 | 0.08 |
Fiber (g) | 21 ± 8 | 26 ± 8 | 0.02 |
(E%) | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 2.7 ± 0.7 | 0.4 |
Glycemic Load (g) | 63 ± 23 | 111 ± 41 | 0.00002 |
Glycemic Index | 50 ± 5 | 55 ± 6 | 0.01 |
Monosaccharides (g) | 46 ± 21 | 33 ± 16 | 0.03 |
Disaccharides(g) | 31 ± 14 | 39 ± 15 | 0.10 |
Sucrose (g) | 29 ± 13 | 30 ± 12 | 0.8 |
Saturated fatty acid (g) | 19 ± 5 | 27 ± 9 | 0.002 |
Monounsaturated fatty acid(g) | 30 ± 6 | 26 ± 7 | 0.13 |
Polyunsaturated fatty acid (g) | 14 ± 4 | 12 ± 4 | 0.2 |
Fatty acid C4:0-C10:0 (g) | 0.3 ± 0.4 | 2.1 ± 1.3 | 0.0001 |
Fatty acid C12:0 (g) | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.8 | 0.002 |
Fatty acid C14:0 (g) | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 2.8 ± 1.3 | 0.0002 |
Fatty acid C16:0 (g) | 12 ± 3 | 14 ± 4 | 0.02 |
Fatty acid C16:1 (g) | 2.0 ± 0.5 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 0.03 |
Fatty acid C18:0 (g) | 4.5 ± 1.5 | 5.9 ± 1.9 | 0.053 |
Fatty acid C18:1, oleic acid (g) | 26 ± 6 | 24 ± 7 | 0.3 |
Fatty acid C18:2, n-6, Linoleic acid (g) | 9 ± 4 | 8 ± 3 | 0.6 |
Fatty acid C18:3, n-3, ALA (g) | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 1.6 ± 0.8 | 0.6 |
Fatty acid C20:0 (g) | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.2 |
Fatty acid C20:4, n-6 (g) | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.01 |
Fatty acid C20:5, n-3, EPA (g) | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 0.052 |
Fatty acid C22:5, n-3 (g) | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.3 |
Fatty acid C22:6, n-3, DHA (g) | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 0.7 ± 0.7 | 0.06 |
Cholesterol (mg) | 577 ± 107 | 365 ± 88 | 0.0003 |
Vitamin A, Retinolequivalents (μg) | 896 ± 534 | 1139 ± 450 | 0.2 |
Vitamin A, Retinol (μg) | 385 ± 333 | 673 ± 353 | 0.051 |
Vitamin A, Caroten (μg) | 5038 ± 3414 | 4811 ± 5633 | 0.9 |
Vitamin D (μg) | 9 ± 4 | 9 ± 7 | 0.9 |
Vitamin E (mg) | 13 ± 4 | 11 ± 3 | 0.07 |
Vitamin E, Alpha-tocopherol (mg) | 13 ± 4 | 11 ± 3 | 0.07 |
Vitamin B-1, Thiamin (mg) | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 0.8 |
Vitamin B-2, Riboflavin (mg) | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 0.5 |
Vitamin B-6 (mg) | 3.2 ± 0.7 | 2.4 ± 0.6 | 0.003 |
Vitamin B-12 (μg) | 8.6 ± 4.0 | 6.7 ± 2.4 | 0.2 |
Vitamin B, Folate (μg) | 340 ± 172 | 300 ± 79 | 0.4 |
Vitamin C, Ascorbic acid (mg) | 219 ± 136 | 119 ± 60 | 0.03 |
Niacinequivalents (mg) | 45 ± 11 | 39 ± 8 | 0.08 |
Niacin (mg) | 27 ± 8 | 22 ± 6 | 0.03 |
Phosphorus (mg) | 1233 ± 247 | 1437 ± 208 | 0.02 |
Iron (mg) | 12 ± 3 | 12 ± 3 | 1.0 |
Potassium (mg) | 3669 ± 982 | 3181 ± 908 | 0.0497 |
Calcium (mg) | 356 ± 102 | 698 ± 220 | 0.00002 |
Magnesium (mg) | 307 ± 84 | 311 ± 68 | 0.9 |
Sodium (mg) | 2530 ± 924 | 2963 ± 678 | 0.14 |
Selenium (μg) | 81 ± 20 | 55 ± 18 | 0.001 |
Zinc (mg) | 11 ± 3 | 12 ± 2 | 0.3 |
Ash (g) | 17 ± 4 | 19 ± 4 | 0.13 |
Water (g) | 1113 ± 306 | 1049 ± 258 | 0.5 |
Fruits (g) | 451 ± 200 | 251 ± 210 | 0.005 |
Vegetables (g) | 346 ± 179 | 241 ± 176 | 0.0497 |
Potatoes (g) | 49 ± 51 | 106 ± 84 | 0.03 |
Nuts (g) | 29 ± 24 | 12 ± 20 | 0.13 |
Meat (g) | 139 ± 67 | 73 ± 29 | 0.003 |
Meat products (g) | 97 ± 76 | 71 ± 43 | 0.2 |
Fish (g) | 104 ± 55 | 89 ± 56 | 0.5 |
Eggs (g) | 71 ± 27 | 27 ± 24 | 0.001 |
Beans (g) | 4 ± 14 | 24 ± 33 | 0.03 |
Cereals without rice (g) | 11 ± 24 | 172 ± 96 | 0.00004 |
Rice (g) | 7 ± 17 | 6 ± 10 | 0.9 |
Milk/milk products (g) | 16 ± 32 | 183 ± 123 | 0.0002 |
Oil (g) | 0.3 ± 0.7 | 1.4 ± 3.5 | 0.3 |
Sauce (g) | 13 ± 20 | 30 ± 36 | 0.2 |
Bakery (g) | 10 ± 18 | 34 ± 35 | 0.005 |
Jam (g) | 0 ± 0 | 12 ± 22 | 0.07 |
Spirits (g) | 1.0 ± 2.8 | 1.4 ± 4.1 | 0.8 |
Wine (g) | 52 ± 83 | 20 ± 49 | 0.14 |
Beer (g) | 31 ± 103 | 55 ± 80 | 0.4 |
Sweet beverages (g) | 0 ± 0 | 38 ± 64 | 0.051 |
Juice (g) | 12 ± 35 | 10 ± 26 | 0.6 |