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Table 3 Risk factors for cardiovascular disease after Paleolithic diet and Diabetes diet (mean ± SD, Confidence Interval 95%)

From: Beneficial effects of a Paleolithic diet on cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes: a randomized cross-over pilot study

 

Paleolithic diet

P*

Diabetes diet

P**

Delta diets1

P***

HbA1C (%, Mono-S)

5.5 ± 0.7, 5.1 to 5.9

0.0001

5.9 ± 0.9, 5.5 to 6.4

0.001

-0.4

0.02

Cholesterol (mmol/l)

4.3 ± 1.2, 3.6 to 4.9

0.6

4.5 ± 1.2, 3.8 to 5.1

0.7

-0.2

0.3

LDL (mmol/l)

2.7 ± 1.0, 2.1 to 3.2

0.3

2.8 ± 1.1, 2.2 to 3.4

0.6

-0.1

0.5

HDL (mmol/l)

1.34 ± 0.30, 1.18 to 1.51

0.2

1.26 ± 0.23, 1.14 to 1.39

0.7

0.08

0.03

TG (mmol/l)

1.0 ± 0.5, 0.8 to 1.3

0.003

1.5 ± 0.7, 1.1 to 1.8

0.7

-0.4

0.003

CRP (mg/l)

2.0 ± 1.6, 1.1 to 2.9

0.2

2.6 ± 2.3, 1.4 to 3.8

0.8

-0.6

0.4

SBP (mmHg)

140 ± 12, 134 to 147

0.048

149 ± 22, 137 to 161

0.7

-8

0.13

DBP (mmHg)

79 ± 6, 76 to 82

0.06

83 ± 9, 78 to 88

0.7

-4

0.03

Weight (kg)

81 ± 13, 74 to 88

0.005

84 ± 15, 76 to 92

0.052

-3

0.01

BMI (kg/m2)

28 ± 5, 25 to 30

0.01

29 ± 6, 26 to 32

0.03

-1

0.04

Waist (cm)

94 ± 9, 89 to 99

0.01

98 ± 11, 92 to 104

0.02

-4

0.02

fP-glucose (mmol/l)

7.0 ± 1.4, 6.2 to 7.8

0.01

7.5 ± 1.4, 6.7 to 8.2

0.2

-0.5

0.08

fP-insulin (pmol/l)

69 ± 30, 53 to 85

0.02

67 ± 20, 57 to 78

0.06

2

0.8

AUC glucose0–120 (mmol/l·min)

1398 ± 314, 1227 to 1568

0.01

1478 ± 358, 1283 to 1672

0.09

-80

0.2

AUC glucose0–120 (mmol/l·min)2

558 ± 196, 452 to 665

0.09

582 ± 213, 467 to 698

0.2

-24

0.7

AUC insulin0–120 (nmol/l·min)

26 ± 14, 19 to 34

0.10

27 ± 13, 20 to 34

0.4

0

0.9

AUC insulin0–120 (nmol/l·min)2

18 ± 13, 11 to 25

0.9

19 ± 11, 12 to 25

0.8

-1

0.7

ISI0,120 (mg·l2/mmol·mU·min)

56 ± 22, 44 to 68

0.02

50 ± 20, 40 to 61

0.052

6

0.2

HOMA2 %B

63 ± 27, 48 to 77

0.6

55 ± 19, 44 to 66

0.2

8

0.2

HOMA2 %S

89 ± 45, 64 to 113

0.02

79 ± 23, 66 to 91

0.04

10

0.4

HOMA2 IR

1.4 ± 0.6, 1.1 to 1.7

0.01

1.4 ± 0.4, 1.1 to 1.6

0.052

0

0.9

Diabetic values at OGTT yes/no (n)

8/5

0.13

9/4

0.3

-1/1

1.0

  1. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease after 3 months of Paleolithic diet compared to 3 months of Diabetes diet (mean±SD, Confidence Interval 95%). 1Mean value for Paleolithic diet minus mean value for Diabetes diet. All P-values from two-sided t-test with dependent samples, except for Diabetic values at OGTT where P is for difference between diets in Fischer's two-sided exact test with related samples. *P for difference between Paleolithic diet and baseline, **P for difference between Diabetes diet and baseline and ***P for difference between diets. 2Stimulated secretion, area under curve at OGTT with value at 0 minutes as baseline.
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840