Table 1 Characteristics of the people with Type 1 diabetes and the healthy control group studied
Type 1 diabetes | Healthy controls | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
n | 61 | 62 | |
Age (yr) | 25.2 ± 5.2 | 24.6 ± 4.7 | 0.459 |
Duration of diabetes (yr) | 11.4 ± 6.6 | - | |
Sex (M/F) | 39/35 | 36/44 | 0.339 |
Smoking (n (%)) | 18 (24) | 11 (14) | 0.094 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.1 ± 3.4 | 24.9 ± 4.2 | 0.739 |
Waist-hip ratio | 0.89 ± 0.07 | 0.87 ± 0.06 | 0.256 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 120 ± 12 | 120 ± 10 | 0.957 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 71 ± 8 | 72 ± 10 | 0.625 |
HbA1c (%) | 8.6 ± 1.6 | 5.2 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 10.2 ± 4.8 | 4.8 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
Post-prandial glucose (mmol/l) | 11.2 ± 5.6 | 4.5 ± 0.8 | <0.001 |
Serum cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.8 ± 0.9 | 4.5 ± 0.9 | 0.182 |
Serum HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 0.967 |
Serum triglyceride (mmol/l) | 0.9 (0.7–1.4) | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 0.451 |
LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 0.330 |
Serum creatinine (μmol/l) | 86 ± 13 | 83 ± 13 | 0.254 |
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (ml/min/1.73-m2) | 90.3 ± 13.7 | 86.3 ± 15.6 | 0.263 |
Medications (n (%)) | |||
Metformin | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | |
Thyroxine | 5 (7) | 0 (0) | |
Oral contraceptives | 5 (7) | 1 (1) | |
Antidepressants | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | |
Multivitamins | 3 (4) | 9 (11) | |
Inhalers | 0 (0) | 6 (8) |