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Table 1 Clinical and Metabolic Characteristics of Subjects

From: Changes in endotoxin levels in T2DM subjects on anti-diabetic therapies

Variables

Non-Diabetic

Diet

Insulin

Metformin

Rosiglitazone

Met/RSG

Age (years)

44.1 ± 9.9§‡*†**

48.3 ± 9.1‡***

55.6 ± 11.4

53.0 ± 10.5

52.3 ± 9.5

52.5 ± 9.0

BMI (kg/m2)

30.0 ± 5.2

29.6 ± 5.8

29.0 ± 6.2

32.0 ± 5.8

29.6 ± 5.8

31.0 ± 5.3

Systolic (mmHg)

117.3 ± 20.0

111.6 ± 22.9***

115.7 ± 24.9**

123.8 ± 23.5

114.1 ± 28.7**

128.4 ± 23.6

Diastolic (mmHg)

84.1 ± 14.6‡*

88.2 ± 14.9‡

96.0 ± 15.5***

90.3 ± 14.3**

90.9 ± 16.3

84.6 ± 13.0

WHR

1.1 ± 0.2§‡†

1.3 ± 0.4**

1.4 ± 0.4**

1.3 ± 0.4**

1.3 ± 0.3**

1.1 ± 0.3

Glucose (mmol/l)

5.5 ± 1.5§‡*†**

7.1 ± 2.8‡***

9.5 ± 3.8

9.6 ± 3.4

8.4 ± 1.9

9.4 ± 3.9

Insulin (ng/ml)#

20.1(10.9–23.0)‡

19.1(10.7–24.6)‡

29.9(21.2–36.6)***

20.7(10.9–27.3)

21.5(11.8–20.5)

17.1(7.6–17.2)

LDL-C (mmol/l)

3.2 ± 0.9§*

2.7 ± 0.8

3.0 ± 1.0

2.8 ± 0.8

2.8 ± 0.7

3.0 ± 1.4

HDL-C (mmol/l)

1.2 ± 0.4

1.3 ± 0.7

1.1 ± 0.4

1.1 ± 0.4

1.0 ± 0.4

1.2 ± 0.5

TC (mmol/l)

5.0 ± 1.0

4.7 ± 1.0

4.9 ± 1.1

4.8 ± 1.0

4.5 ± 0.9**

5.1 ± 1.2

TG (mmol/l)#

1.4 (1.0–1.9)***

1.6(0.9–2.3)***

1.8(1.2–2.4)

2.1(1.3–2.4)

1.6(0.8–2.3)

2.2(1.3–2.5)

Leptin (ng/ml)#

31.0(14.6–42.2)§*†**

18.2(5.8–23.4)‡

27.5(9.8–39.3)†**

22.5(9.6–29.6)**

16.2(5.2–19.8)

18.6(4.9–21.7)

Adiponectin (μg/ml)#

8.5(5.1–1.0) †**

8.6 (5.7–10.4)†**

10.4 (5.3–13.2)†**

9.1(6.0–11.3)†**

16.1(10.2–20.1)

14.3(8.9–16.1)

CRP(μg/ml)#

4.2(1.1–5.2)

3.8 (2.5–4.9)‡

6.3 (1.5–6.5)**

4.6(1.3–4.7)

3.7(0.8–4.6)

3.6(1.0–3.9)

Resistin (ng/ml)#

15.6(10.7–19.8)†

15.0(14.5–17.9)†

17.6(10.5–18.4)†**

16.1(11.3–18.1)†**

11.9(8.0–13.7)**

14.2(10.4–16.7)

TNF-α (pg/ml)#

5.4(3.4–7.3)***

4.7(2.9–6.2)

5.4 (2.7–7.4)*

4.2(2.8–5.3)†

5.9(4.3–6.8)**

4.5(3.3–5.6)

Endotoxin(EU/ml)#

4.2(3.1–5.1)§‡*†**

7.9(5.7–10.0)†

9.2 (6.6–10.7)*†**

7.5(4.6–8.7)†

5.6 (4.2–6.1)**

7.4 (4.8–9.6)

  1. Clinical characteristics for non-diabetic (ND) and T2DM subjects on anti-diabetic therapies. Variables marked with # were log transformed prior to statistical analysis. Hence data are presented as mean ± SD unless log transformed (#) in which case they are presented as mean (interquartile range). Significance was set at p < 0.05. Therefore §denotes a significant difference in the mean values when compared with diet; ‡ denotes significance when compared with insulin; *denotes significance when compared with metformin; † denotes significance compared with RSG; ** denotes significance when compared with met/RSG.