From: Association between intrarenal arterial resistance and diastolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetes
Total cohort (n = 167) | Normal cardiac function (n = 59) | Diastolic dysfunction alone (n = 66) | Diastolic and systolic dysfunction (n = 30) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Intrarenal RI | 0.69 ± 0.01 | 0.66 ± 0.06 | 0.72 ± 0.06** | 0.71 ± 0.06** |
Age (years) | 62 ± 12 | 55 ± 13 | 66 ± 9* | 66 ± 12* |
Sex (% male) | 59% | 59% | 54% | 72% |
Diabetes duration (years) | 11 ± 8 | 9 ± 6 | 13 ± 8* | 10 ± 7 |
Obese BMI (>30 kg/m2, %) | 57% | 48% | 60% | 56% |
History of CVD (%) | 36% | 23% | 32% | 69%* |
HbA1c (%) | 7.7 ± 1.5 | 8.1 ± 1.5 | 7.6 ± 1.3* | 7.4 ± 1.9* |
Metformin use(%) | 68% | 80% | 55%* | 69% |
Sulphonylurea use (%) | 57% | 62% | 50% | 72% |
Glitazone use (%) | 19% | 31% | 11%* | 17% |
Insulin use (%) | 42% | 45% | 46% | 24% |
Hypertension (%) | 81% | 69% | 85%* | 90%* |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 140 ± 17 | 135 ± 17 | 144 ± 18 | 141 ± 15 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 75 ± 8 | 76 ± 8 | 74 ± 8 | 76 ± 9 |
RAS inhibitor use (%) | 72% | 54% | 84%* | 83%* |
Number of antihypertensives (n) | 1.9 ± 1.4 | 1.3 ± 1.3 | 2.1 ± 1.4* | 2.7 ± 1.5* |
Total cholesterol (mM) | 4.7 ± 0.9 | 4.9 ± 1.0 | 4.8 ± 0.8 | 4.6 ± 1.0 |
Triglycerides (mM) | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 2.3 ± 1.3 | 2.0 ± 1.1 | 2.3 ± 1.4 |
Treatment for dyslipidaemia | 63% | 58% | 53% | 90%* |
History of retinopathy | 27% | 14% | 44%* | 17% |
iGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 93 ± 32 | 111 ± 27 | 82 ± 27* | 73 ± 30* |
GFR< 60 (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 22% | 6% | 25%* | 39%* |
AER > 20 (μg/min) | 45% | 41% | 39% | 59%* |