Table 1 Characteristics of the 201 patients enrolled in the study according to the presence (+) or absence (-) of diabetic retinopathy.

baPWV (m/s)

20.13 ± 3.66

17.14 ± 3.60

<0.001

AI (%)

19.5 ± 15.2

14.8 ± 20.4

0.14

Height (m)

1.59 ± 0.08

1.63 ± 0.08

0.003

Age (years)

61.1 ± 10.6

59.7 ± 11.2

0.44

Men (n)

25 (53%)

110 (71%)

0.03

Duration (years)

13.0 ± 8.5

8.6 ± 7.5

<0.001

Systolic BP (mmHg)

142.7 ± 16.3

129.3 ± 17.9

<0.001

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

82.8 ± 11.1

78.3 ± 9.56

0.007

Heart rate (beat/min)

72.4 ± 12.0

66.3 ± 10.5

0.001

HbA1c (%)

7.2 ± 1.5

7.4 ± 1.9

0.56

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.88 ± 2.74

5.14 ± 0.89

0.004

HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.40 ± 0.47

1.31 ± 0.40

0.22

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.68 ± 0.88

1.74 ± 1.12

0.75

Nephropathy

27 (18%)

27 (57%)

<0.001

Antihypertensive agents (yes/no)

129/150

251/629

<0.001