Utility of the modified ATP III defined metabolic syndrome and severe obesity as predictors of insulin resistance in overweight children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Table 1 Demographic and Metabolic Syndrome Characteristics by Age Group

Characteristic*	Ages 3–8 n = 122	Age 9–11 n = 164	Ages 12–19 n = 290	Total n = 576	p value
Female (%)	55.7	53.0	53.1	53.6	.87
Ethnicity (%)					.92
African American	79.5	81.7	82.1	81.4
Hispanic	17.2	15.2	15.9	16.0
Other	3.3	3.0	2.1	2.6
Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg/m²)	26.8 ± 4.7	31.0 ± 5.5	37.1 ± 7.2	33.2 ± 7.6	<.001
Age-sex standardized Body Mass Index	2.8 ± 0.71	2.4 ± 0.42	2.4 ± 0.36	2.5 ± 0.50	<.001
(BMIZ) (standardized units)
Glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL (%)	2.5	4.3	3.8	3.6	.71
Elevated Waist Circumference^† (%)	94.3	95.1	85.9	90.3	.001
High Density Lipoprotein <40 mg/dL (%)	39.3	45.7	50.0	46.5	.14
Elevated Triglycerides^† (%)	34.4	47.0	29.0	35.2	.001
Hypertension^† (%)	64.8	53.7	59.0	58.7	.17
Metabolic syndrome^‡ (%)	45.1	48.8	42.4	44.6	.49
Glucose (mg/dL)	80 ± 10.5	83 ± 11.1	85 ± 20.3	83 ± 16.4	.02
Waist Circumference (cm)	80 ± 11.4	95 ± 12.5	108 ± 15.7	98 ± 17.7	<.001
High Density Lipoprotein (mg/dL)	46 ± 11.5	43 ± 10.5	41 ± 9.4	43 ± 10.3	<.001
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	83 ± 33.9	95 ± 41.4	98 ± 54.3	94 ± 47.4	.01
Blood pressure (mmHg)
Systolic	114 ± 10.7	118 ± 9.4	125 ± 10.9	121 ± 11.4	<.001
Diastolic	65 ± 8.2	69 ± 8.2	73 ± 8.9	70 ± 9.2	<.001

* Values are presented as % for categorical variables and mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables. P values for comparison by age assessed by chi-square for categorical variables and analysis of variance for continuous variables. All continuous variables had p < .01 for linear trend.
^† ≥ 90^th percentile for age and sex.
^‡ By modified ATP criteria: abnormal values for 3 or more of waist circumference, high density lipoprotein, triglycerides, hypertension and glucose.

ISSN: 1475-2840