Impacts of chronic kidney disease and albuminuria on associations between coronary heart disease and its traditional risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients – the Hong Kong diabetes registry

Yang, Xilin; Ma, Ronald C; So, Wing-Yee; Ko, Gary T; Kong, Alice P; Lam, Christopher W; Ho, Chun-Shun; Cockram, Clive S; Wong, Vivian C; Tong, Peter C; Chan, Juliana C

doi:10.1186/1475-2840-6-37

Cardiovascular Diabetology

Table 2 Hazard ratios of significant baseline risk factors for coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetic patients (Model 1) before and after inclusion of eGFR and ACR into the model.

From: Impacts of chronic kidney disease and albuminuria on associations between coronary heart disease and its traditional risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients – the Hong Kong diabetes registry

Vaseline variables	Model 1†		Model 1 plus eGFR‡		Model 1 plus eGFR & ACR¶
Vaseline variables	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	p- value	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	p- value	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	p- value
Age (year):
<45 vs. 45–59	0.48 (0.28–0.81)	0.006	0.51 (0.30–0.86)	0.012	0.50 (0.29–0.84)	0.010
≥60 vs. 45–59	1.75 (1.31–2.33)	<0.001	1.56 (1.16–2.09)	0.003	1.53 (1.14–2.06)	0.005
Female sex	0.64 (0.47–0.88)	0.006	0.66 (0.48–0.91)	0.010	0.69 (0.50–0.95)	0.023
Smoking status:
Ex-smoking vs. never	1.21 (0.84–1.76)	0.311	1.18 (0.81–1.71)	0.384	1.13 (0.78–1.64)	0.5202
Current vs. never	1.64 (1.15–2.33)	0.007	1.63 (1.15–2.33)	0.007	1.58 (1.11–2.26)	0.011
Duration of diabetes (year):
<5 vs. ≥13	0.43 (0.30–0.61)	<0.001	0.45 (0.31–0.64)	<0.001	0.49 (0.34–0.71)	<0.001
5–12 vs. ≥13	0.71 (0.53–0.97)	0.028	0.74 (0.54–1.00)	0.048	0.78 (0.58–1.06)	0.118
Blood haemoglobin (g/dL):
<12.5 vs. ≥12.5 g/dL	1.58 (1.16–2.15)	0.004	1.35 (0.98–1.87)	0.067	1.22 (0.88–1.69)	0.238
HDL-C (mmol/L):
<0.80 vs. 0.80–1.39	0.41 (0.18–0.93)	0.033	0.39 (0.17–0.88)	0.024	0.40 (0.18–0.90)	0.027
≥1.40 vs. 0.80–1.39	0.52 (0.38–0.70)	<0.001	0.54 (0.39–0.73)	<0.001	0.56 (0.41–0.76)	<0.001
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.22 (1.11–1.36)	<0.001	1.20 (1.08–1.32)	<0.001	1.12 (1.00–1.25)	0.045
Use of ACEI or ARB	1.72 (1.29–2.31)	<0.001	1.59 (1.18–2.13)	0.002	1.44 (1.06–1.94)	0.018
Use of insulin	1.34 (0.99–1.81)	0.056	1.26 (0.93–1.70)	0.136	1.15 (0.85–1.56)	0.372
eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m²):
<60 vs. ≥90	/	/	1.90 (1.27–2.84)	0.002	1.37 (0.89–2.10)	0.152
60–89.9 vs. ≥90	/	/	1.51 (1.12–2.06)	0.008	1.36 (0.99–1.85)	0.055
Urinary ACR (mg/mmol)ξ
Microalbuminuria	/	/	/	/	1.34 (0.97–1.85)	0.075
Macroalbuminuria	/	/	/	/	1.76 (1.19–2.58)	0.043
ACR ≥150 mg/mmol	/	/	/	/	2.64 (1.69–4.12)	<0.001

eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACR, albumin: creatinine ratio; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ACEI, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers ξ, Microalbuminuria is defined as ACR≥2.5 mg/mmol in male and ≥3.5 mg/mmol in female but <25 mg/mmol in both genders; macroalbuminuria here is defined as ≥25 mg/mmol but <150 mg/mmol in both genders. †, -2log likelihood without covariates = 4108.15 and with covariates = 3909.48; ‡, -2log likelihood with covariates = 3897.88; ¶, -2log likelihood with covariates = 3879.21.

Back to article page

ISSN: 1475-2840

Contact us

Submission enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com