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Table 1 Distribution of selected clinical and metabolic factors across categories of impaired glucose regulation

From: Diabetes and pre-diabetes are associated with cardiovascular risk factors and carotid/femoral intima-media thickness independently of markers of insulin resistance and adiposity

Variable

NFG

IFG/NGT

IFG/IGT

DM

z-trend*

Men

     

Clinical and metabolic data (n)

316

98

73

81

8.1

   Age (years)

42.5 ± 0.6

45.1 ± 0.9

49.3 ± 1.1

52.7 ± 1.0

5.9

   Body mass index (kg/m2)

24.6 ± 0.3

26.6 ± 0.4

26.6 ± 0.5

27.7 ± 0.6

8.2

   Waist circumference (cm)

85.8 ± 0.6

92.5 ± 1.0

93.0 ± 1.4

97.5 ± 1.3

7.8

   Serum fasting insulin (pmol/l)

10.8 ± 0.4

14.2 ± 0.8

19.8 ± 2.4

20.9 ± 2.1

6.9

   Triglycerides (mmol/l)

0.97 ± 0.03

1.20 ± 0.07

1.56 ± 0.19

1.76 ± 0.17

2.5

   LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

3.42 ± 0.07

3.60 ± 0.13

3.83 ± 0.14

3.75 ± 0.17

-3.8

   HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

1.42 ± 0.03

1.29 ± 0.05

1.27 ± 0.06

1.20 ± 0.05

8.0

   Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

127 ± 0.9

132 ± 1.6

137 ± 1.9

145 ± 2.3

 

Mean intima-media thickness (n)

104

46

48

50

2.4

   Carotid (mm)

0.72 ± 0.01

0.71 ± 0.02

0.78 ± 0.03

0.75 ± 0.02

5.2

   Femoral (mm)

0.93 ± 0.06

0.92 ± 0.09

1.20 ± 0.10

1.41 ± 0.13

4.9

   Total (mm)

0.76 ± 0.02

0.82 ± 0.04

0.90 ± 0.03

1.04 ± 0.04

 

Women

     

Clinical and metabolic data (n)

460

47

77

103

 

   Age (years)

41.4 ± 0.5

52.1 ± 1.4

50.1 ± 1.0

54.4 ± 0.8

11.9

   Body mass index (kg/m2)

27.1 ± 0.3

31.5 ± 0.9

31.8 ± 0.7

31.8 ± 0.5

8.4

   Waist circumference (cm)

86.7 ± 0.6

100.1 ± 2.1

97.4 ± 1.4

101.5 ± 1.1

10.7

   Serum fasting insulin (pmol/l)

13.8 ± 0.4

21.1 ± 1.9

19.4 ± 1.4

25.4 ± 2.1

8.4

   Triglycerides (mmol/l)

0.82 ± 0.02

1.07 ± 0.08

1.10 ± 0.1

1.35 ± 0.08

8.8

   LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

3.44 ± 0.05

4.11 ± 0.19

3.81 ± 0.14

4.20 ± 0.14

5.8

   HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

1.40 ± 0.02

1.32 ± 0.05

1.28 ± 0.0

1.21 ± 0.04

-5.0

   Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

120 ± 0.7

137 ± 3.8

134 ± 2.1

139 ± 1.9

10.3

Mean intima-media thickness (n)

155

30

45

76

 

   Carotid (mm)

0.69 ± 0.01

0.75 ± 0.02

0.74 ± 0.04

0.84 ± 0.03

5.6

   Femoral (mm)

0.71 ± 0.03

0.88 ± 0.09

0.84 ± 0.06

1.16 ± 0.07

6.5

   Total (mm)

0.76 ± 0.02

0.82 ± 0.04

0.90 ± 0.03

1.04 ± 0.04

7.4

Overall

     

Clinical and metabolic data (n)

776

145

150

184

 

   Age (years)

41.8 ± 0.4

47.4 ± 0.8

49.7 ± 0.7

53.7 ± 0.6

14.3

   Body mass index (kg/m2)

26.0 ± 0.2

27.8 ± 0.4

29.0 ± 0.5

29.7 ± 0.4

9.5

   Waist circumference (cm)

86.3 ± 0.4

94.3 ± 1.0

95.1 ± 1.0

99.5 ± 0.9

13.4

   Serum fasting insulin (pmol/l)

12.5 ± 0.3

15.9 ± 0.8

19.6 ± 1.4

23.3 ± 1.5

11.1

   Triglycerides (mmol/l)

0.89 ± 0.02

1.17 ± 0.05

1.35 ± 0.10

1.55 ± 0.09

11.2

   LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

3.43 ± 0.04

3.73 ± 0.11

3.82 ± 0.10

3.98 ± 0.11

5.8

   HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

1.41 ± 0.02

1.30 ± 0.04

1.27 ± 0.04

1.21 ± 0.03

-6.5

   Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

123 ± 0.6

134 ± 1.6

136 ± 1.4

142 ± 1.5

13.1

Mean intima-media thickness (n)

258

76

93

126

 

   Carotid (mm)

0.71 ± 0.01

0.72 ± 0.01

0.76 ± 0.02

0.80 ± 0.02

5.9

   Femoral (mm)

0.81 ± 0.03

0.91 ± 0.07

1.04 ± 0.06

1.27 ± 0.07

8.3

   Total (mm)

0.76 ± 0.02

0.82 ± 0.04

0.90 ± 0.03

1.04 ± 0.04

8.7

  1. Values displayed are age-standardized means ± standard error.
  2. *z-value for trend; all corresponding p-values < 0.01.