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Table 5 Extracellular matrix degradation mechanisms: Focus on MMP

From: The central role of vascular extracellular matrix and basement membrane remodeling in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: the matrix preloaded

Type

Examples

Location

Examples of Substrates

Serine protease

Plasmin, urokinase, cathepsin G, TPA

Pericellular Extracellular

Fibrin, fibronectin, laminin, some proteoglycans

Cysteine protease

Cathepsins B, D, H, L, N, and S

Generally Cytosol-lysosomal

Collagen, elastin. & proteoglycans

MMPs: Matrix Metalloproteinases

Interstitial collagenases (MMP-1)

Extracellular

Collagens I, II, III, VII, and X

Basement Membrane

Gelatinase A (MMP-2) 72 kDa

Extracellular

Collagens IV – BM, V, VII, and X Elastinolytic

 

Stromelysin-1 (MMP-3)

Extracellular

Collagens IV, III, V, and IX; laminin, fibronectin, elastin, proteoglycans

 

PUMP-1 (MMP-7)

Extracellular

Gelatin, fibronectin, laminin, collagen type IV, procollagenase, and proteoglycan core protein

Of Emerging Importance! [134]

Neutrophil Elastase - collagenase

(MMP-8): Activated by CD-40 ligand

Extracellular Macrophage

Endothelial Cell of Vasa Vasorum

Collagens I, II, and III and proteoglycans Elastinolytic Internal Elastic Lamina. Activates MMP-2 -9

Basement Membrane

Gelatinase B (MMP-9) 92 kDa

Extracellular

Collagens IV – BM V, VII, and plus Elastinolytic

 

Stromelysin-2 (MMP-10)

Extracellular

Similar to stromelysin-1

 

Stromelysin-3 (MMP-11)

Extracellular

Gelatin, fibronectin, and proteoglycans

 

Metalloelastase (MMP-12)

Extracellular

Elastin

Membrane type MMP

MT-MMP (MMP-14)

Cell surface

Collagen IV, gelatin, and progelatinase A

Cardiac integrin MMP

Disintegrin Metalloproteinse (DMP)

Membrane type integrin matrix degrading MMP

Endothelial Cardiac Integrin