Characteristic | Category | Screened, not randomized (n=Â 4105) | Randomized (n=Â 9795) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | %Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â | n | % | ||
Sex | Male | 2424 | 59.0 | 6138 | 62.7 |
 | Female | 1681 | 41.0 | 3657 | 37.3 |
Age at Visit 1 (years) | <55 | 682 | 16.6 | 1668 | 17.0 |
 | 55–59 | 802 | 19.5 | 1976 | 20.2 |
 | 60–64 | 856 | 20.8 | 2196 | 22.4 |
 | 65–69 | 888 | 21.7 | 2202 | 22.5 |
 | 70+ | 877 | 21.4 | 1753 | 17.9 |
Ethnicity* | Caucasian | 3757 | 91.5 | 9093 | 92.8 |
 | Indigenous | 161 | 3.9 | 258 | 2.6 |
 | Asian | 93 | 2.3 | 141 | 1.4 |
 | Other | 94 | 2.3 | 303 | 3.1 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) (BMI) | BMI < 25 | 805 | 19.6 | 1198 | 12.2 |
 | 25 ≤ BMI < 30 | 1511 | 36.8 | 3855 | 39.4 |
 | 30 ≤ BMI < 35 | 1099 | 26.8 | 2869 | 29.3 |
 | BMI ≥ 35 | 652 | 15.9 | 1866 | 19.1 |
Waist (cm) | Female (mean ± SD) | 98 ± 15 |  | 101 ± 14 |  |
 | Male (mean ± SD) | 103 ± 13 |  | 105 ± 12 |  |
Waist-hip ratio | ratio < 0.8 | 242 | 5.9 | 333 | 3.4 |
 | 0.8 ≤ ratio < 0.9 | 1184 | 28.8 | 2531 | 25.8 |
 | 0.9 ≤ ratio < 1.0 | 1931 | 47.0 | 4942 | 50.5 |
 | 1.0 ≤ ratio < 1.1 | 645 | 15.7 | 1797 | 18.4 |
 | ratio ≥ 1.1 | 73 | 1.8 | 179 | 1.8 |
Smoking (cigarettes) | Nonsmoker | 1735 | 42.3 | 4000 | 40.8 |
 | Ex-smoker | 1933 | 47.1 | 4908 | 50.1 |
 | Current smoker | 404 | 9.8 | 887 | 9.1 |
Clinical history | Prior cardiovascular disease †| 1045 | 25.4 | 2131 | 21.8 |
 | Prior myocardial infarction | 278 | 6.7 | 485 | 5.0 |
 | Stroke | 194 | 4.7 | 346 | 3.5 |
 | Angina | 588 | 14.3 | 1188 | 12.1 |
 | Hypertension | 2247 | 54.7 | 5544 | 56.6 |
 | Claudication or peripheral vascular disease | 351 | 8.6 | 711 | 7.2 |
 | Transient ischemic attack | 155 | 3.8 | 307 | 3.1 |
Prior coronary revascularisation | No CABG or PTCA | 3908 | 95.2 | 9432 | 96.3 |
 | CABG only | 122 | 3.0 | 230 | 2.4 |
 | PTCA only | 49 | 1.2 | 102 | 1.0 |
 | CABG and PTCA | 26 | 0.6 | 31 | 0.3 |
Diabetes management | Diet only | 1119 | 27.3 | 2542 | 26.0 |
 | Diet + OH only | 2238 | 54.5 | 5874 | 60.0 |
 | Diet + insulin | 429 | 10.5 | 569 | 5.8 |
 | Diet + OH + insulin | 319 | 7.8 | 810 | 8.3 |
Diabetic complications ‡ | Retinopathy | 431 | 10.5 | 814 | 8.3 |
 | Neuropathy | 636 | 15.5 | 1394 | 14.2 |
 | Nephropathy | 161 | 3.9 | 279 | 2.9 |
 | Skin ulcers | 139 | 3.4 | 299 | 3.1 |
 | Amputations | 106 | 2.6 | 176 | 1.8 |
Diabetes diagnosis ‡ | Age at diagnosis (mean ± SD) | 54.8 ± 8.7 |  | 55.5 ± 8.3 |  |
 | Median duration of diabetes in years (quartile 1, quartile 3) | 6 (2, 11) |  | 5 2, 10 |  |