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Table 4 Beneficial effects of HDL-C

From: Isolated low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C): implications of global risk reduction. Case report and systematic scientific review

REVERSE CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORT

Accepts cholesterol from the macrophage and tissues and transports it back to the liver for disposal in the bile (figure 1).

Acts a an apoprotein donor to the other lipoproteins

ANTIOXIDANT

Antioxidant activity (through intimal paraoxonase, and redox -sensitive methionine residues of apo A-1)

Increases eNOS and endothelial nitric oxide

ANTIINFLAMMATORY

Downregulates adhesion molecule expression on endothelium: (I-CAM, V-CAM and MCP-1)

Inhibits neutrophil degranulation

ANTITHROMBOTIC

Antithrombotic activity via its ability to block TxA2 and potentiates activity of proteins: C and S.

Stimulates prostacyclin production (antithrombotic and vasodilitory).

ENDOTHELIAL PROTECTION PROTERTIES

Acts as an endothelial mitogen and inhibits endothelial cell apoptosis: This would help to decrease the incidence of plaque erosion and promote plaque stabilization

Stimulates endothelial nitric oxide (eNO and its enzyme eNOS) and prostacyclin production with vasodilatation, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.