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Table 3 Secondary causes of low HDL-C
| 1. | Elevated triglycerides. | (Component of metS) |
|---|---|---|
| End stage renal disease | ||
| Hypothyroidism [also increased total Chol/HDL-C ratio. | ||
| 2. | Obesity and Overweight. – [waist measurement] – | (Component of metS) |
| [Visceral obesity in particular] | ||
| For every 3 kg. (7 lbs.) weight loss HDL-C increased 1 mg/dL. | ||
| 3. | Prediabetes and overt Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. | (Component of metS) |
| 4. | Physical inactivity | (lifestyle choice). |
| 5. | Smoking | (lifestyle choice). |
| 6. | Very high carbohydrate intakes > 50–60% of energy | (lifestyle choice). |
| [Especially Fructose Containing Soft Drinks.] | ||
| 7. | Metabolic Syndrome: As potent a risk factor as smoking. | |
| 8. | Drugs, such as beta-blockers, anabolic steroids, and progestational agents. | |
