Table 1 General characteristics and results of echocardiography

Body weight (g)

589.83 ± 37.4

450.3 ± 52.6^a

394.8 ± 62.3^a

256 ± 46.3^a,b,c

Heart weight (mg)

780 ± 105.2

796.8 ± 104.8

748.5 ± 152.2

595.1 ± 59.6^a,b,c

Blood glucose (mmol/L)

7.57 ± 1.69

24.83 ± 6.19^a

22.25 ± 5.16^a

19.47 ± 2.63^a

Echocardiography

Heart rate (beats/min)

420 ± 15

392 ± 41

409 ± 34

388 ± 30

LVEDD (mm)

11.67 ± 2.06

7.7 ± 0.6^a

7.8 ± 0.5^a

7.5 ± 0.4^a

LVESD (mm)

5.84 ± 1.15

3.9 ± 0.3^a

4.3 ± 0.7^a

4.1 ± 0.6^a

Ejection fraction (%)

76.1 ± 4.2

71.4 ± 4.9

71.7 ± 3.8

67.7 ± 5.18^a

Fractional shortening (%)

45.4 ± 2.9

41.6 ± 3.7

39.9 ± 3.1

37.6 ± 2.8^a

E wave (cm/s)

129.2 ± 6.74

124.8 ± 6.13

120.9 ± 8.32

112.9 ± 5.93

A wave (cm/s)

76.5 ± 9.1

79.3 ± 10.5

73.1 ± 7.58

79.1 ± 5.39

E/A ratio

1.69 ± 0.2

1.56 ± 0.26

1.65 ± 0.17

1.42 ± 0.14^a