Table 1 Patient characteristics

Age (years)

67 ± 1

68 ± 2

0.58

Gender (male/female)

28/8

14/6

0.52

BMI (kg/m²)

28.2 ± 0.9

33.8 ± 1.6

0.0015*

Blood glucose (mmol/L)

5.9 ± 0.3

10.0 ± 1.0

<0.0001*

HbA1_c (%) (mmol/mol)

5.8 ± 0.3 (40 ± 1)

7.5 ± 1.2 (58 ± 4)

0.0011*

Diabetes duration (years)

-

11.6 ± 2.7

Diagnosed Hypertension

29/36

18/20

0.47

Echocardiography

Systolic BP (mmHg)

129 ± 3

133 ± 4

0.49

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

73 ± 2

70 ± 2

0.40

Heart rate (bpm)

64 ± 1

69 ± 2

0.07

LVEDV (mL)

104 ± 3

95 ± 5

0.20

LVESV (mL)

43 ± 2

39 ± 4

0.43

SV (mL)

61 ± 2

56 ± 3

0.17

Cardiac Output (L/min)

3.8 ± 0.1

4.0 ± 0.1

0.47

Ejection Fraction (%)

60 ± 1

60 ± 2

0.86

IVSd (cm)

1.14 ± 0.04

1.26 ± 0.06

0.08

LVPWd (cm)

1.05 ± 0.03

1.15 ± 0.06

0.15

LVIDd (cm)

4.76 ± 0.09

4.72 ± 0.15

0.81

LVIDs (cm)

3.04 ± 0.10

3.04 ± 0.14

0.99

LV mass (g)

193 ± 11

217 ± 18

0.22

LV volume/mass (ml/g)

0.22 ± 0.03

0.19 ± 0.03

0.23

E (m/sec)

0.68 ± 0.03

0.79 ± 0.05

0.05

A (m/sec)

0.69 ± 0.03

0.80 ± 0.05

0.08

E/A

1.05 ± 0.08

0.99 ± 0.08

0.63

e' (m/sec)

0.069 ± 0.003

0.067 ± 0.004

0.63

E/e'

10.5 ± 0.8

12.6 ± 1.1

0.01*

Decel (msec)

226 ± 7

259 ± 13

0.02*

LA-2D (cm)

4.0 ± 0.1

4.1 ± 0.2

0.55

Medication

Statins

35/36 (97%)

20/20 (100%)

0.45

Beta-blockers

31/36 (86%)

15/20 (75%)

0.30

ACE inhibitors/AT blockers

19/36 (53%)

19/20 (95%)

0.0012#

Calcium Channel blocker

7/36 (19%)

8/20 (40%)

0.10

Metformin

0/36 (0%)

14/20 (70%)

Insulin

0/36 (0%)

6/20 (30%)