Table 1 Clinical and biochemical characteristics of the study subjects

Age (years)

54.1 ± 9.4

52.9 ± 9.3

55.3 ± 9.4

0.101

Gender (N, (%))

66 (40)

33 (40)

33 (40)

>0.999

Body mass index (kg/m²)

22.7 ± 1.7

21.7 ± 1.6

23.8 ± 0.9

<0.001

Waist to hip ratio

0.87 ± 0.08

0.84 ± 0.08

0.89 ± 0.07

<0.001

Body fat (%)

27.1 ± 5.0

24.1 ± 4.5

30.1 ± 3.3

<0.001

Body fat (kg)

16.2 ± 3.0

14.0 ± 2.6

18.4 ± 1.7

<0.001

Visceral fat (kg)

2.0 ± 0.6

1.6 ± 0.4

2.5 ± 0.4

<0.001

Subcutaneous fat (kg)

14.1 ± 2.7

12.3 ± 2.3

15.9 ± 1.6

<0.001

Muscle mass (kg)

40.5 ± 6.5

41.2 ± 6.9

39.7 ± 6.1

0.147

Systolic BP (mmHg)

121.9 ± 14.9

118.7 ± 14.7

125.1 ± 14.4

0.005

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

76.3 ± 9.4

74.7 ± 9.4

78.0 ± 9.1

0.022

Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)

5.24 ± 0.66

4.98 ± 0.46

5.51 ± 0.72

<0.001

HbA1c (%)

5.6 ± 0.5

5.5 ± 0.4

5.7 ± 0.6

0.094

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.12 ± 0.89

5.11 ± 0.90

5.13 ± 0.89

0.859

Triglyceride (mmol/L)

1.14 ± 0.57

1.01 ± 0.51

1.27 ± 0.61

0.003

HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.37 ± 0.32

1.46 ± 0.35

1.29 ± 0.261

0.001

LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

3.14 ± 0.80

3.09 ± 0.80

3.19 ± 0.80

0.397

CRP (mg/L)

1.6 ± 3.1

1.2 ± 3.2

2.0 ± 2.9

0.096

AST (IU/L)

22.4 ± 8.8

22.3 ± 10.6

22.4 ± 6.7

0.916

ALT (IU/L)

22.9 ± 14.5

20.7 ± 11.6

25.2 ± 16.7

0.049

Fatty Liver (N, (%))

53 (32.3)

14 (17.1)

39 (47.6)

<0.001

Antihypertension drug (N, (%))

24 (17.1)

10 (12.2)

14 (17.1)

0.377

Statin (N, (%))

14 (8.6)

8 (9.8)

6 (7.3)

0.576

Antiplatelet agent (N, (%))

15 (9.0)

7 (8.5)

8 (9.8)

0.786