| |
Total (n = 234)
|
Men (n = 131)
|
Women (n = 103)
|
P-value
|
|---|
|
Age (Year)
|
53.4 ± 12.1
|
52 ± 11.9
|
55.2 ± 12.1
|
0.04
|
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
25.2 ± 3.8
|
25.5 ± 3.7
|
25.9 ± 3.9
|
0.22
|
|
SBP (mmHg)
|
125.1 ± 15.5
|
126.7 ± 16.1
|
123.1 ± 14.4
|
0.07
|
|
DBP (mmHg)
|
76.3 ± 9.7
|
77.3 ± 9.6
|
75 ± 9.7
|
0.07
|
|
HTN (%)
|
134 (57.3%)
|
72 (55%)
|
62 (60%)
|
0.25
|
|
DM duration (years)
|
6.4 ± 6.2
|
6.1 ± 5.9
|
6.7 ± 6.7
|
0.46
|
|
HbA1C (%)
|
8.3 ± 2.1
|
8.4 ± 2.2
|
8.1 ± 1.9
|
0.39
|
|
TC (mg/dl)
|
170.6 ± 39.3
|
167.7 ± 39.6
|
174.2 ± 38.8
|
0.22
|
|
LDL-C (mg/dl)
|
100.8 ± 35.5
|
99 ± 34.5
|
103.1 ± 36.7
|
0.40
|
|
HDL-C (mg/dl)
|
47.5 ± 11.8
|
45.4 ± 11.3
|
50.1 ± 11.9
|
0.003
|
|
Triglyceride (mg/dl)
|
119 (83, 179)
|
128 (86,195)
|
102 (82, 156)
|
0.001
|
|
HsCRP (mg/dl)
|
0.11 (0.06-0.24)
|
0.1 (0.06, 0.24)
|
0.12 (0.06, 0.23)
|
0.50
|
|
HOMA-IR
|
3.8 (2.4, 5.8)
|
4.0 (2.4-6.1)
|
3.6 (2.3-5.2)
|
0.32
|
|
Mean ABI
|
1.14 ± 0.08
|
1.14 ± 0.09
|
1.14 ± 0.06
|
0.89
|
|
Mean baPWV (cm/sec)
|
1506 ± 313
|
1516 ± 320
|
1493 ± 304
|
0.59
|
|
Mean CIMT (mm)
|
0.48 ± 0.14
|
0.48 ± 0.15
|
0.49 ± 0.14
|
0.89
|
|
VFT (mm)
|
39 ± 16.1
|
41.9 ± 15.5
|
35.2 ± 16.2
|
0.002
|
|
SFT (mm)
|
14.5 ± 5.8
|
13.8 ± 6
|
15.3 ± 5.5
|
0.039
|
|
VFT/SFT Ratio
|
3.2 ± 2.1
|
3.5 ± 1.7
|
2.8 ± 2.4
|
0.01
|
|
ARB or ACEI, n(%)
|
94 (40.2%)
|
58 (44.3%)
|
36 (35.3%)
|
0.11
|
|
Statin, n (%)
|
133 (57%)
|
74 (56.5%)
|
59 (57.8%)
|
0.47
|
|
Antiplatelet agent, n (%)
|
105 (45%)
|
66 (50.4%)
|
39 (38.2%)
|
0.04
|
|
Thiazolidinediones, n (%)
|
21 (9%)
|
14 (10.7%)
|
7 (6.8%)
|
0.212
|
|
Smoking, n (%)
|
48 (20.7%)
|
43 (32.8%)
|
5 (5%)
|
<0.001
|
|
Prevalence of CVD, n (%)
|
27 (11.5%)
|
18 (13.7%)
|
7 (8.7%)
|
0.304
|
|
Prevalence of DN, n (%)
|
61 (26.1%)
|
39 (30%)
|
22 (21.4%)
|
0.073
|
- Data are means ± SD or median (interquartile range). Triglyceride, HsCRP, Insulin, and HOMA-IR, are expressed as median (interquartile range) due to skewed distribution.
- Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HTN: hypertension; DM: diabetes mellitus; HbA1C: glycated hemoglobin; TC: total cholesterol; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; hsCRP: high sensitivity c-reactive protein; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; ABI: ankle brachial index; baPWV: brachial ankle pulse wave velocity; CIMT: carotid intima media thickness; VFT: visceral fat thickness; SFT: subcutaneous fat thickness; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; CVD: cardiovascular disease; DN: diabetic nephropathy.
