|
Age (years)
|
58 ± 19
|
66 ± 13*
|
67 ± 11*
|
65 ± 14
|
67 ± 11
|
65 ± 12
|
|
Men, n (%)
|
45 (41)
|
60 (54)
|
77 (69)*†
|
23 (58)
|
21 (51)
|
35 (85)*†
|
|
Body mass index (kg/m2)
|
20 ± 2
|
23 ± 2*
|
25 ± 3*†
|
22 ± 3
|
25 ± 4*
|
27 ± 4*†
|
|
Waist circumference (cm)
|
74 ± 7
|
82 ± 6*
|
91 ± 8*†
|
80 ± 8
|
88 ± 9*
|
96 ± 10*†
|
|
Subcutaneous adipose tissue (cm2)
|
91 ± 63
|
131 ± 58*
|
175 ± 82*†
|
112 ± 72
|
151 ± 79*
|
177 ± 90*
|
|
Visceral adipose tissue (cm2)
|
35 ± 15
|
82 ± 13*
|
147 ± 39*†
|
55 ± 22
|
111 ± 13*
|
180 ± 41*†
|
|
Hypertension, n (%)
|
47 (42)
|
59 (53)
|
70 (63)*
|
23 (58)
|
31 (76)
|
33 (80)*
|
|
Dyslipidemia, n (%)
|
26 (23)
|
48 (43)*
|
56 (50)*
|
25 (63)
|
25 (61)
|
28 (68)
|
|
Current smoking, n (%)
|
18 (16)
|
25 (22)
|
29 (26)
|
11 (28)
|
6 (15)
|
9 (22)
|
|
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)
|
184 ± 39
|
192 ± 37
|
189 ± 38
|
185 ± 40
|
187 ± 34
|
189 ± 34
|
|
Triglycerides (mg/dl)
|
92 (51)
|
149 (88)*
|
169 (103)*
|
106 (46)
|
154 (78)
|
200 (165)*†
|
|
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)
|
63 ± 17
|
57 ± 15*
|
53 ± 15*
|
60 ± 19
|
54 ± 14
|
53 ± 19*
|
|
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)
|
108 ± 33
|
115 ± 32
|
109 ± 34
|
107 ± 28
|
113 ± 29
|
109 ± 34
|
|
Hemoglobin A1c (%)
|
5.5 ± 0.3
|
5.7 ± 0.4*
|
5.8 ± 0.5*†
|
7.4 ± 1.6
|
7.5 ± 1.6
|
7.4 ± 1.7
|
|
High sensitivity CRP (mg/dl)
|
0.16 (0.14)
|
0.15 (0.12)
|
0.16 (0.13)*
|
0.14 (0.11)
|
0.16 (0.20)
|
0.20 (0.22)
|
|
Medications
| | | | | | |
|
Antihypertensive agents, n (%)
|
44 (40)
|
50 (45)
|
66 (59)*†
|
21 (53)
|
27 (66)
|
31 (76)*
|
|
Lipid-lowering agents, n (%)
|
15 (14)
|
32 (29)*
|
37 (33)*
|
20 (50)
|
11 (27)*
|
23 (56)†
|
|
Hypoglycemic agents, n (%)
|
0 (0)
|
0 (0)
|
0 (0)
|
22 (55)
|
29 (71)
|
30 (73)
|
