Altered glucose metabolism rather than naive type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is related to vitamin D status in severe obesity

Table 3 Differences in continuous variables according to vitamin D status

	25(OH)D₃deficiency	25(OH)D₃insufficiency	25(OH)D₃adequacy	p
	(N = 444)	(N = 55)	(N = 25)	p
Age (years)	53.0 [40.0-61.0]	52.5 [38.7-64.0]	52.0 [46.2-68.0]	0.78
BMI (kg/m ² )	46.7 [43.3-51.3]	46.4 [41.2-49.0]	43.4 [40.8-47.1]	0.01
WHR	0.94 [0.89-1.02]	0.93 [0.88-1.01]	0.97 [0.90-1.03]	0.33
Fat mass (%)	49.6 [44.3-54.5]	50.0 [41.9-53.9]	51.0 [41.8-53.5]	0.59
C-reactive protein (mg/dl)	0.6 [0.4-1.1]	0.5 [0.3-1.0]	0.5 [0.4-1.0]	0.59
FPG (mg/dl)	96.0 [90.0-107.0]	93.0 [86.7-101.2]	97.0 [91.5-111.2]	0.06
Post-OGTT glucose (mg/dl)	144.0 [113.0-178.0]	125.0 [104.5-171.0]	136.0 [97.5-185.5]	0.29
Fasting insulin (μU/ml)	12.9 [8.6-19.8]	15.3 [10.0-20.9]	12.8 [8.6-25.4]	0.08
Post-OGTT insulin (μU/ml)	89.9 [55.1-138.8]	81.0 [57.4-135.6]	78.2 [52.9-135.0]	0.91
Fasting C-peptide (μg/l)	3.6 [2.8-4.6]	3.2 [2.5-4.9]	4.0 [3.0-5.9]	0.04
HbA _1c (%)	5.8 [5.5-6.1]	5.6 [5.4-5.9]	5.7 [5.4-6.0]	0.10
HOMA-IR	3.1 [2.0-5.0]	3.6 [2.2-4.8]	3.3 [1.9-5.3]	0.14
PTH (pg/ml)	67.7 [50.0-93.2]	52.4 [39.6-70.8]	60.2 [34.2-74.2]	0.002
Phosphorus (mg/dl)	3.6 [3.3-4.0]	3.6 [3.1-3.8]	3.7 [3.5-4.1]	0.44
Calcium (mg/dl)	9.1 [8.8-9.4]	9.2 [8.9-9.5]	9.3 [9.0-9.5]	0.20
Triglycerides (mg/dl)	133.0 [102.0-174.2]	122.5 [91.0-155.0]	130.0 [101.0-168.0]	0.02
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	192.0 [169.0-218.2]	182.0 [165.5-205.7]	200.0 [167.7-233.5]	0.09
LDL cholesterol (mg/dl)	122.0 [102.0-144.0]	110.5 [91.2-139.7]	126.0 [104.0-151.2]	0.04
HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)	41.5 [34.0-49.2]	46.5 [38.0-56.2]	41.5 [33.2-55.7]	0.04

Data are presented as median values and interquartile ranges. For comparative analysis, significance is calculated by ANOVA for age and BMI, and by analysis of covariance for all other variables using age, BMI and gender as covariates. Categories of Vitamin D status are detailed in the Patients and Methods section. For abbreviations: BMI, Body Mass Index; WHR, Waist-to-Hip Ratio; FPG, Fasting Plasma Glucose; HbA_1c, Glycated Haemoglobin; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model of Insulin Resistance; 25(OH)D₃, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D; PTH, Parathyroid Hormone; NGT, Normal Glucose Tolerance; IFG, Impaired Fasting Glucose; IGT, Impaired Glucose Tolerance; T2DM, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

ISSN: 1475-2840