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Table 1 Anthropometric and analytical variables obtained in the study population

From: Altered glucose metabolism rather than naive type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is related to vitamin D status in severe obesity

Parameters

Whole population

Males

Females

P

(N = 524)

(N = 221)

(N = 303)

Age (years)

52.0 [40.0-62.0]

47.0 [39.0-59.0]

54.0 [41.0-64.0]

0.001

BMI (kg/m 2 )

46.6 [43.1-50.9]

46.8 [42.6-51.2]

46.3 [43.3-50.8]

0.001

WHR

0.94 [0.89-1.0]

1.02 [0.98-1.08]

0.90 [0.85-0.93]

0.0001

Fat mass (%)

50.0 [44.1-54.3]

42.2 [38.3-46.0]

53.4 [50.3-56.2]

0.0001

C-reactive protein (mg/dl)

0.6 [0.4-1.1]

0.5 [0.3-1.9]

0.7 [0.4-1.2]

0.0001

FPG (mg/dl)

96.0 [90.0-107.0]

98.0 [90.0-110.5]

95.0 [89.0-105.0]

0.0002

Post-OGTT glucose (mg/dl)

143.0 [112.0-178.0]

157.0 [125.0-187.0]

135.0 [107.0-164.0]

0.0001

Fasting insulin (μU/ml)

13.1 [8.9-20.0]

15.5 [10.3-24.1]

12.3 [7.9-17.4]

0.001

Post-OGTT insulin (μU/ml)

89.0 [56.5-138.6]

102.3 [69.6-164.7]

77.4 [50.7-123.6]

0.0001

Fasting C-peptide (μg/l)

3.6 [2.8-4.6]

3.9 [3.2-5.0]

3.4 [2.7-4.3]

0.0001

HbA 1c (%)

5.7 [5.5-6.0]

5.7 [5.5-6.1]

5.7 [5.5-6.0]

0.005

HOMA-IR

3.2 [2.0-4.9]

3.5 [2.3-5.9]

2.9 [1.9-4.2]

0.0002

25(OH)D 3 (ng/ml)

10.3 [9.0-15.8]

10.8 [9.0-17.0]

10.0 [9.0-15.2]

0.98

PTH (pg/ml)

65.5 [48.2-90.4]

64.3 [48.0-91.8]

66.0 [48.5-89.5]

0.88

Phosphorus (mg/dl)

3.6 [3.3-4.0]

3.6 [3.2-4.0]

3.7 [3.3-4.1]

0.0005

Calcium (mg/dl)

9.1 [8.8-9.4]

9.1 [8.8-9.4]

9.1 [8.8-9.4]

0.93

Triglycerides (mg/dl)

131.0 [101.7-172.0]

142.0 [109.0-184.0]

126.0 [94.0-167.0]

0.0001

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

218.0 [191.0-247.4]

188.0 [165.0-213.0]

193.0 [172.0-221.0]

0.11

LDL cholesterol (mg/dl)

144.0 [122.0-171.0]

120.0 [101.0-145.0]

123.0 [104.0-144.0]

0.78

HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)

50.0 [42.0-62.0]

37.0 [31.0-43.0]

45.0 [38.0-57.0]

0.0001

Patients with NGT (%)

37.8

26.2

46.2

0.0001

Patients with IFG-IGT (%)

40.5

45.2

37.0

0.05

Patients with T2DM (%)

21.7

28.5

16.8

0.001

  1. Data are presented as median values and interquartile ranges. For comparative analysis between genders, significance is calculated by unpaired T test for age and BMI, and by analysis of covariance for all other variables with age and BMI as covariates. The χ2 test was used for comparative analyses between patients with NGT, IFG + IGT and T2DM. For abbreviations: BMI, Body Mass Index; WHR, Waist-to-Hip Ratio; FPG, Fasting Plasma Glucose; HbA1c, Glycated Haemoglobin; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model of Insulin Resistance; 25(OH)D3, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D; PTH, Parathyroid Hormone; NGT, Normal Glucose Tolerance; IFG, Impaired Fasting Glucose; IGT, Impaired Glucose Tolerance; T2DM, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.