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Table 1 Anthropometric, hemodynamic and biochemical characteristics of the study population according to glucose tolerance status

From: Vitamin D and 1-hour post-load plasma glucose in hypertensive patients

 

All

NGT < 155

NGT ≥ 155

IGT

DM

P*

Variables

(n = 300)

(n = 156)

(n = 74)

(n = 44)

(n = 26)

Gender, m/f

160/140

74/82

44/30

26/18

16/10

0.274**

Age, years

52.9 ± 9.2

52.9 ± 8.7

52.7 ± 10.9

53.3 ± 9.4

53.3 ± 7.2

0.984

Waist, cm

91.6 ± 9.1

89.5 ± 7.4

93.5 ± 9.5

94.1 ± 11.6

94.7 ± 9.7

<0.0001

BMI, Kg/m 2

28.1 ± 4.2

27.3 ± 4.0

28.4 ± 4.2

28.8 ± 4.6

29.3 ± 3.9

0.028

SBP, mmHg

141.8 ± 10.7

140.9 ± 8.5

142.4 ± 12.6

143.2 ± 12.8

143.1 ± 12.1

0.463

DBP, mmHg

91.3 ± 6.9

91.4 ± 6.3

91.5 ± 7.3

90.8 ± 7.8

91.4 ± 8.1

0.956

Fasting glucose, mg/dl

94.8 ± 11.5

90.1 ± 7.2

98.6 ± 15.6

99.7 ± 8.3

103.8 ± 11.6

<0.0001

1-h glucose, mg/dl

152.3 ± 48.4

116.1 ± 24.0

182.6 ± 26.2

188.7 ± 39.3

221.6 ± 38.9

<0.0001

2-h glucose, mg/dl

124.7 ± 38.3

105.2 ± 17.6

114.1 ± 18.6

155.6 ± 11.8

220.2 ± 21.7

<0.0001

Fasting insulin, μU/ml

13.5 ± 7.1

11.3 ± 5.4

15.3 ± 7.3

16.3 ± 7.9

16.7 ± 8.9

<0.0001

1-h insulin, μU/ml

111.6 ± 62.1

91.2 ± 54.7

151.8 ± 61.7

115.9 ± 63.1

109.7 ± 50.8

<0.0001

2-h insulin, μU/ml

85.0 ± 56.1

61.8 ± 45.9

97.9 ± 60.3

117.3 ± 57.5

113.1 ± 41.6

<0.0001

MATSUDA/ISI

66.5 ± 37.3

83.5 ± 40.8

52.4 ± 25.4

50.5 ± 22.8

44.1 ± 22.5

<0.0001

Total cholesterol, mg/dl

212.5 ± 37.4

211.8 ± 36.7

212.2 ± 40.5

213.6 ± 39.2

215.5 ± 29.6

0.968

HDL-cholesterol, mg/dl

49.6 ± 12.5

51.9 ± 12.3

47.2 ± 10.9

47.7 ± 14.4

45.6 ± 12.1

<0.0001

Triglyceride, mg/dl

122.1 ± 47.6

115.7 ± 40.3

128.4 ± 50.4

129.1 ± 49.8

131.5 ± 69.3

0.106

hs-CRP, mg/l

2.5 ± 1.9

1.8 ± 1.1

3.2 ± 2.1

3.3 ± 2.4

3.7 ± 2.1

<0.0001

Creatinine, mg/dl

0.8 ± 0.2

0.8 ± 0.1

0.9 ± 0.2

0.9 ± 0.2

0.9 ± 0.3

<0.0001

e-GFR, ml/min/1.73 m 2

100.1 ± 25.1

104.1 ± 22.9

96.7 ± 24.6

95.8 ± 29.2

92.4 ± 28.1

0.027

25(OH)D, ng/ml

23.5(18–32.9)

26.5(20–35.6)

21(16–30)

21.5(15.6-28.7)

18.6(13–24.6)

0.002§

Parathyroid hormone, pg/ml

62.7 ± 42.7

50.7 ± 37.5

71.6 ± 46.5

77.1 ± 49.9

82.3 ± 19.1

0.004

Calcium, mg/dl

9.4 ± 0.5

9.4 ± 0.3

9.5 ± 0.4

9.3 ± 0.9

9.4 ± 0.4

0.305

Phosphorus, mg/dl

3.3 ± 0.4

3.3 ± 0.4

3.3 ± 0.3

3.3 ± 0.5

3.1 ± 0.4

0.467

Current smokers, n(%)

80(26.7)

45(28.8)

15(20.3)

13(29.5)

7(26.9)

0.750**

  1. *By ANOVA; **By χ2 test; § by Kruskal Wallis test.
  2. NGT = normal glucose tolerance; IGT = impaired glucose tolerance; DM = diabetes mellitus; BMI = body mass index; SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; ISI = insulin sensitivity index; hs-CRP = high sensitivity C-reactive protein; e-GFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate.
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840