N-Acetylcysteine prevents congenital heart defects induced by pregestational diabetes

Table 2 The rate of congenital heart defects in the offspring of diabetic and control females with and without N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment

Total N/litters	Control 30/4		Diabetes 62/15		Control NAC 30/4		Diabetes NAC 43/7
Total N/litters	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Normal	30	100	26	41.9**	27	90	36	83.7††
Abnormal	0	0	36	58.1**	3	10	7	16.3††
ASD	0	0	19	30.6**	2	6.7	6	13.9†
VSD	0	0	25	40.3**	1	3.3	5	11.6††
AVSD	0	0	4	6.5	0	0	0	0
TGA	0	0	4	6.5	0	0	0	0
DORV	0	0	8	12.9*	0	0	3	6.9
TOF	0	0	3	4.8	0	0	0	0

Data were analyzed by Chi-square test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.001 vs. untreated control, †P < 0.05, ††P < 0.001 vs. untreated diabetes. ASD, atrial septal defect; VSD, ventricular septal defect; AVSD, atrioventricular septal defect; TGA, transposition of great arteries; DORV, double outlet right ventricle; TOF, Tetralogy of Fallot.

ISSN: 1475-2840