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Table 2 Baseline concentrations of EV-markers (pg/Ī¼g) in metabolically (un) compromised groups

From: Extracellular vesicle markers in relation to obesity and metabolic complications in patients with manifest cardiovascular disease

Ā 

EV-cystatin C

EV-serpin G1

EV-serpin F2

EV-CD14

Obesity

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

BMIā€‰<ā€‰30Ā kg/m2 (nā€‰=ā€‰829)

9.5 (7.4 ā€“ 12.1)

122.7 (86.0 ā€“ 167.1)

36.8 (21.9 ā€“ 56.7)

11.56(9.6 ā€“ 14.0)

BMIā€‰>ā€‰30Ā kg/m2 (nā€‰=ā€‰178)

9.1 (7.1 ā€“ 12.1)

121.5 (83.4 ā€“ 176.1)

38.1 (21.4 ā€“ 61.2)

11.1 (9.3 ā€“ 13.4)

p value

0.776

0.081

0.831

0.139

Visceral obesity*

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

No (nā€‰=ā€‰645)

9.1 (7.2 ā€“ 11.5)

120.5 (82.5 ā€“ 165.7)

36.2 (21.9 ā€“ 56.1)

11.4 (9.3 ā€“ 13.9)

Yes (nā€‰=ā€‰364)

10.0 (7.5 ā€“ 13.1)

126.4 (89.3 ā€“ 173.7)

38.6 (22.1 ā€“ 61.1)

11.8 (9.7 ā€“ 13.9)

p value

0.614

0.503

0.224

0.066

Visceral adipose tissue ā€ 

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

VATā€‰<ā€‰median (nā€‰=ā€‰494)

9.1 (7.2 ā€“ 11.7)

121.4 (85.9 ā€“ 166.1)

38.7 (23.2 ā€“ 57.9)

11.7 (9.7 ā€“ 14.2)

VATā€‰>ā€‰median (nā€‰=ā€‰515)

9.7 (7.4 ā€“ 12.8)

123.8 (85.1 ā€“ 172.9)

35.6 (19.7 ā€“ 57.4)

11.4 (9.4 ā€“ 13.7)

p value

0.540

0.765

0.129

0.257

Subcutaneous adipose tissue ā€”

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

SATā€‰<ā€‰median (nā€‰=ā€‰484)

9.8 (7.6 ā€“ 12.6)

124.3 (87.6 ā€“ 170.6)

37.6 (22.5 ā€“ 56.8)

11.8 (9.6 ā€“ 14.5)

SATā€‰>ā€‰median (nā€‰=ā€‰525)

9.1 (7.1 ā€“ 11.7)

121.0 (84.0 ā€“ 167.8)

36.8 (21.4 ā€“ 58.3)

11.3 (9.5 ā€“ 13.4)

p value

0.744

0.335

0.002

0.512

Hyperlipidaemia**

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

No (565)

9.4 (7.3 ā€“ 12.1)

120.9 (87.4 ā€“ 166.8)

35.4 (20.7 ā€“ 56.7)

10.9 (9.1 ā€“ 13.1)

Yes (417)

9.4 (7.2 ā€“ 12.1)

124.2 (82.5 ā€“ 174.4)

40.2 (23.8 ā€“ 60.9)

12.4 (10.3 ā€“ 14.8)

p value

0.981

0.344

0.013

< 0.001

Metabolic syndrome

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

No (nā€‰=ā€‰492)

9.0 (7.1 ā€“ 11.4)

121.0 (81.7 ā€“ 167.2)

36.5 (21.9 ā€“ 56.6)

11.5 (9.4 ā€“ 13.9)

Yes (nā€‰=ā€‰517)

9.8 (9.1 ā€“ 12.8)

124.1 (88.99 ā€“ 170.4)

37.6 (22.0 ā€“ 58.7)

11.6 (9.6 ā€“ 13.8)

p value

0.010

0.450

0.572

0.499

Baseline type 2 diabetes

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

No (nā€‰=ā€‰850)

9.3 (7.3 ā€“ 11.9)

124.9 (87.9 ā€“ 172.9)

37.1 (21.9 ā€“ 57.4)

11.5 (9.4 ā€“ 13.9)

Yes (nā€‰=ā€‰158)

10.1 (7.4 ā€“ 13.2)

111.0 (78.4 ā€“ 158.5)

36.9 (22.2 ā€“ 59.8)

12.0 (9.9 ā€“ 13.8)

p value

0.050

0.010

0.909

0.111

Development of type 2 diabetes

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

No (nā€‰=ā€‰745)

9.0 (7.1 ā€“ 11.5)

122.3 (86.9 ā€“ 168.4)

36.0 (21.6 ā€“ 55.7)

11.3 (9.3 ā€“ 13.5)

Yes (nā€‰=ā€‰86)

9.5 (7.3 ā€“ 12.7)

122.9 (88.7 ā€“ 163.9)

34.7 (20.9 ā€“ 55.6)

11.0 (11.1 ā€“ 13.8)

p value

0.768

0.768

0.889

< 0.001

  1. P value is calculated by analysis of covariance, corrected for age, sex and eGFR. P values are calculated on log or square root transformed EV-marker values, but for ease of interpretation, the results of calculations are transformed back to original baseline levels of EV markers in pg/Ī¼g. *Visceral obesity is defined as waist circumference above 88Ā cm for females, or above 102Ā cm for males. **Hyperlipidaemia is defined as total cholesterolā€‰>ā€‰5.0Ā mmol/L, LDL-cholesterolā€‰>ā€‰3.2Ā mmol/L and/or use of lipid lowering agents. ā€  Visceral adipose tissue values are sex pooled. For males, meanā€‰=ā€‰9.9 cm, for females meanā€‰=ā€‰8.3 cm.ā€” Subcutaneous adipose tissue values are sex pooled. For males, mean = 9.9 cm, for females mean = 8.3 cm.