A randomised controlled trial of increasing fruit and vegetable intake and how this influences the carotenoid concentration and activities of PON-1 and LCAT in HDL from subjects with type 2 diabetes

Table 4 Serum, HDL ₂ and HDL ₃ PON-1 and LCAT activities and SAA and hsCRP concentrations pre and post F&V intervention

Analyate	1 Portion (n=35)		6 Portions (n=39)		Trend for change
	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	between groups
Serum
PON-1 (U/mL)	25.78 (0.78)^a	25.75 (0.78)	26.53 (0.81)	28.05 (0.79)^d	0.155
LCAT ratio (470/390)	0.98 (0.04)	1.02 (0.03)	0.90 (0.02)	0.97 (0.02)^c	0.562
SAA (μg/L)	21180 (6876,22894)	20926 (8898,22894)	21484 (6810,28645)	20464 (9020,31635)	0.399
hsCRP (mg/L)	2.30 (1.06,2.96)	2.19 (0.98,2.33)	2.17 (0.97,2.70)	2.34 (1.22,3.47)	0.527
HDL ₂
PON-1 (U/mL)	0.37 (0.03)	0.38 (0.04)	0.40 (0.04)	0.42 (0.04)	0.959
LCAT ratio (390/470) x10 ^-3	5.25 (0.05)	5.26 (0.06)	5.31 (0.07)	5.34 (0.08)	0.996
SAA (μg/L)	1579 (214,1188)	1448 (242,1107)	1145 (204,1120)	1197 (254,1196)	0.228
HDL ₃
PON-1 (U/mL)	8.10 (0.21)	8.40 (0.20)^c	8.54 (0.25)	9.51 (0.13)^d	0.006
LCAT ratio (390/470)	0.89 (0.02)	0.90 (0.02)	0.87 (0.01)	0.94 (0.02)^d	0.044
SAA (μg/L)	15834 (7549,21352)	17858 (5236,23360)	16211 (5007,24087)	12235 (4006,18120)	0.197

Results expressed as mean (SEM) or when data was not normally distributed as geometric mean (interquartile range).
PON-1 – paroxonase-1: LCAT – lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase: SAA – serum amyloid A
LCAT activity was read fluorometrically at 390 nm and 470 nm and expressed as a ratio of the two. These two wavelengths represent the LCAT substrate hydrolysed and not hydrolysed. An increase in the ratio indicates increased LCAT activity.
The following subscripts indicate - a; p≤0.05 for baseline comparison between groups: b; p≤0.001 for baseline comparison between groups: c; p≤0.05 for within group comparison; ^d; p≤0.001 for within group comparison.

ISSN: 1475-2840