Low serum docosahexaenoic acid is associated with progression of coronary atherosclerosis in statin-treated patients with diabetes mellitus: results of the treatment with statin on atheroma regression evaluated by intravascular ultrasound with virtual histology (TRUTH) study

Table 2 Risk factor control at baseline and at follow-up

	At baseline			At 8-month follow-up
	Progressors (n=26)	Regressors (n=24)	p value	Progressors (n=26)	Regressors (n=24)	p value
TC (mg/dl)	203 ± 44	218 ± 31	0.18	153 ± 31****	165 ± 22***	0.12
LDL-C (mg/dl)	133 ± 36	140 ± 29	0.49	85 ± 27****	88 ± 21***	0.67
Triglycerides (mg/dl)	127 ± 55	157 ± 96	0.18	114 ± 53	141 ± 85	0.18
HDL-C (mg/dl)	44 ± 9	46 ± 9	0.6	46 ± 11	51 ± 11*	0.1
Apolipoprotein AI (mg/dl)	114 ± 19	117 ± 16	0.55	122 ± 25	134 ± 25**	0.1
Apolipoprotein B (mg/dl)	102 ± 25	114 ± 21	0.08	70 ± 19****	79 ± 15****	0.1
Hs-CRP (ng/ml)	7023 ± 14355	7298 ± 9171	0.94	2856 ± 5923	2853 ± 5630*	0.99
Oxidized LDL (U/ml)	9 ± 4	12 ± 10	0.18	8 ± 3	9 ± 4*	0.6
Lipoprotein(a) (mg/dl)	16 ± 13	18 ± 14	0.63	19 ± 18	24 ± 28	0.46
Small dense LDL (mg/dl)	26 ± 16	31 ± 16	0.32	18 ± 10***	21 ± 11*	0.32
EPA (μg/ml)	53.5 ± 28.2	71.9 ±39.2	0.08	54.9 ± 22.9	74.8 ± 36.6	0.03
DHA (μg/ml)	117.2 ± 38.3	149.3 ± 62.8	0.04	105.1 ± 31.8	135.9 ± 50.1	0.02
AA (μg/ml)	128.4 ± 35.7	144.2 ± 30.3	0.12	133.2 ± 38.2	155.8 ± 41.9	0.07
EPA/AA	0.43 ± 0.20	0.52 ± 0.34	0.26	0.44 ± 0.22	0.53 ± 0.35	0.33
DHA/AA	0.94 ± 0.28	1.04 ± 0.32	0.23	0.83 ± 0.30*	0.90 ± 0.29*	0.47
EPA + DHA/AA	1.36 ± 0.46	1.57 ± 0.58	0.19	1.28 ± 0.50	1.43 ± 0.56	0.34
Glucose (mg/dl)	135 ± 56	123 ± 39	0.44	122 ± 34	124 ± 48	0.85
HbA1c (%)	7.2 ± 1.0	7.0 ± 0.8	0.38	6.9 ± 0.9	7.0 ± 0.6	0.77
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	136 ± 17	134 ± 23	0.83	134 ± 20	133 ± 23	0.88
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	76 ± 12	75 ± 12	0.75	73 ± 13	75 ± 12	0.56
Heart rate (beats/min)	71 ± 12	71 ± 11	0.98	72 ± 11	70 ± 15	0.5

Data are expressed as mean ± SD. *p 〈 0.05, **p 〈 0.01, ***p 〈 0.001, ****p 〈 0.0001 compared with value at baseline.
TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; AA, arachidonic acid; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c.

ISSN: 1475-2840