Table 1 Clinical characteristics, plasma leptin levels, FMD and NMD of all, lean, and overweight subjects

(Male/female)

171 (89/82)

86 (40/46)

85 (43/42)

0.704

(years)

63 ± 10

66 ± 9

60 ± 11

<0.001

(kg/m²)

24.8 ± 4.9

21.3 ± 2.3

28.3 ± 4.4

<0.001

(cm)

87 ± 10

80 ± 7

94 ± 8

<0.001

0.93 ± 0.05

0.92 ± 0.05

0.96 ± 0.05

<0.001

(mmHg)

129 ± 17

129 ± 17

130 ± 17

0.774

(mmHg)

75 ± 9

73 ± 8

77 ± 9

0.006

n (%)

72 (42.1)

35 (40.7)

37 (43.5)

0.708

n (%)

63 (36.8)

37 (43.0)

26 (30.6)

0.091

n (%)

72 (42.1)

40 (46.5)

32 (37.6)

0.240

n (%)

71 (41.5)

37 (43.0)

34 (40.0)

0.688

(mg/dL)

127 ± 35

129 ± 35

125 ± 35

0.524

(NGSP,%)

8.7 ± 1.6

8.8 ± 1.7

8.6 ± 1.4

0.399

(μU/mL)

6.6 (4.4–9.7)

5.3 (3.1–8.2)

8.1 (5.2–11.8)

<0.001

2.0 (1.3–3.0)

1.4 (0.9–2.5)

2.3 (1.4–3.4)

0.002

(mg/dL)

106 (81–136)

95 (72–134)

113 (91–137)

0.035

(mg/dL)

46 ± 13

49 ± 14

43 ± 10

0.003

(mg/dL)

109 ± 37

110 ± 38

108 ± 37

0.728

(mg/dL)

0.8 ± 0.2

0.7 ± 0.2

0.8 ± 0.2

0.365

(mg/dL)

5.7 ± 1.4

5.4 ± 1.4

5.9 ± 1.4

0.010

(ng/mL)

4.1 (2.0–8.0)

2.5 (1.2–4.8)

5.9 (3.2–9.8)

<0.001

(%)

6.8 ± 3.7

7.0 ± 3.8

6.5 ± 3.6

0.354

(%)

15.0 ± 7.0

15.5 ± 7.3

14.6 ± 6.6

0.424