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Table 6 Independent correlates of cerebrovascular events

From: Hemoglobin A1c variability as an independent correlate of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional analysis of the Renal Insufficiency and Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Italian Multicenter Study

Variables

Any cerebrovascular event

Stroke

 

OR

95% CI

P

OR

95% CI

P

Age, x year

1.022

1.012-1.032

<0.0001

1.046

1.030-1.062

<0.0001

Diabetes duration, x year

1.033

1.025-1.042

<0.0001

–

–

–

Gender, male

1.720

1.452-2.036

<0.0001

2.041

1.520-2.739

<0.0001

BMI, x unit

1.016

1.000-1.033

0.046

–

–

–

Smoking

  

0.060

  

0.020

  No

1.0

  

1.0

  

  Former

1.196

1.010-1.416

0.030

1.446

1.081-1.935

0.013

  Current

1.216

0.976-1.516

0.081

1.503

1.030-2.194

0.034

Triglycerides, x 0.0113 mmol/l

1.520

1.158-1.995

0.003

2.269

1.348-3.819

0.002

HDL cholesterol, x 0.259 mmol/l

0.983

0.977-0.989

<0.0001

0.987

0.977-0.998

0.017

Dyslipidemia

1.780

1.424-2.224

<0.0001

1.644

1.125-2.402

0.010

Hypertension

–

–

–

–

–

–

Diabetes treatment, n (%)

  

<0.0001

  

<0.0001

  Diet

1.0

  

1.0

  

  OHA

1.176

0.881-1.570

0.272

1.339

0.808-2.218

0.257

  Insulin + OHA

0.611

0.402-0.927

0.021

1.756

0.938-3.297

0.080

  Insulin

1.911

1.375-2.657

<0.0001

3.541

2.074-6.046

<0.0001

Albuminuria

  

<0.0001

–

–

–

  Normoalbuminuria

1.0

     

  Microalbuminuria

1.405

1.187-1.665

<0.0001

   

  Macroalbuminuria

1.146

0.839-1.565

0.390

   

eGFR (MDRD)

  

<0.0001

  

0.001

  ≥90 ml/min/1.73 m2

1.0

  

1.0

  

  60–89 ml/min/1.73 m2

1.126

0.211.376

0.247

1.394

0.963-2.018

0.078

  30–59 ml/min/1.73 m2

1.747

1.367-2.233

<0.0001

1.817

1.167-2.830

0.008

  <30 ml/min/1.73 m2

2.759

1.718-4.431

<0.0001

3.798

1.868-7.721

<0.0001

Retinopathy

  

<0.0001

–

–

–

  No retinopathy

1.0

     

  Non advanced retinopathy

1.458

1.207-1.762

<0.0001

   

  Advanced retinopathy

1.089

0.840-1.411

0.521

   

MODEL 1

      

  HbA 1c -MEAN, 1% increment

1.096

1.026-1.171

0.007

–

–

–

MODEL 2

      

  HbA 1c -MEAN, 1% increment

1.096

1.026-1.171

0.007

—

—

—

  HbA 1c -SD, 1% increment

—

—

—

—

—

—

MODEL 3

      

HbA 1c -MEAN

  

0.002

—

—

—

  quartile 1

1.0

     

  quartile 2

00.981

0.776-1.241

0.874

   

  quartile 3

1.410

1.116-1.781

0.004

   

  quartile 4

1.325

1.029-1.707

0.029

   

HbA 1c -SD quartiles

–

–

–

–

–

–

  1. Logistic regression analysis with backward variables selection of independent correlates of any cerebrovascular event and stroke versus no CVD. ORs of variables except HbA1c-MEAN, Hb-A1c-SD and their quartiles were determined by multivariate logistic analysis from MODEL 1. The results did not change significantly in MODEL 2 and MODEL 3.
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840