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Table 1 Blood and urine heavy metal concentrations in study subjects according to metabolic syndrome (MS) status adjusted for all other significant variables

From: Blood lead is significantly associated with metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: an analysis based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2008

 

MS (−)

MS (+)

p

 

n = 1,170

n = 235

 

Lead (μg/dL)

2.28 (2.23-2.33)

2.45 (2.33-2.58)

0.015

Mercury (μg/dL)

4.62 (4.49-4.76)

4.96 (4.62-5.32)

0.082

Cadmium (μg/L)

0.85 (0.83-0.88)

0.88 (0.82-0.95)

0.401

Manganese (μg/dL)

1.29 (1.27-1.31)

1.33 (1.28-1.38)

0.126

Arsenic (μg/g creatinine)

111.2 (106.9-115.6)

115.5 (105.3-126.6)

0.464

  1. Expressed as geometric mean (95% confidence intervals).
  2. Adjusted for age, sex, smoking, education, total cholesterol, creatinine, aspartate amino transferase, alanine aminotransferase, and fasting serum insulin by analysis of covariance.
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840