New concept of myocardial longitudinal strain reserve assessed by a dipyridamole infusion using 2D-strain echocardiography: the impact of diabetes and age, and the prognostic value

Table 2 Effects of dipyridamole on longitudinal strain reserve

	Coef. 95% for LSR
		p-value
Baseline characteristics
Age (yrs) *	−0.49	<0.0001
Male †	−2.45	0.46
Female	−2.04	0.46
BMI (kg/m2) *	0.25	0.045
Dyspnea status †
NYHA I	−2.33	0.98
NYHA II	−2.30
NYHA III	−2.17
Coronary risk factors †
Hypertension	−2.33	0.77
No hypertension	−2.15	0.77
Diabetic	−3.27	0.001
Non-diabetic	−1.49	0.001
Current smoking	−2.92	0.045
No current smoking	−1.80	0.045
Hypercholesterolemia	−2.29	0.98
No hypercholesterolemia	−2.27	0.98
Family history of cardiovascular disease	−0.90	0.19
No family history of cardiovascular disease	−2.38	0.19
Previous coronary artery disease (CAD) †
CAD	−2.02	0.43
No CAD	−2.46	0.43
Medications †
ACE inhibitors/ARB	−2.50	0.44
No ACE inhibitors/ARB	−2.07	0.44
Beta-blockers	−1.80	0.10
No beta-blockers	−2.72	0.10
Calcium antagonists	−2.00	0.41
No calcium antagonists	−2.47

LSR = longitudinal strain reserve; BMI = body mass index; ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker.
*: Spearman correlation.
†: ANOVA.

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