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Table 4 Longitudinal associations between one-year changes in inflammatory or metabolic markers and tertiles of change in dietary phylloquinone intake (μg/day)

From: Association between dietary phylloquinone intake and peripheral metabolic risk markers related to insulin resistance and diabetes in elderly subjects at high cardiovascular risk

 

Tertile 1

Tertile 2

p

Tertile 3

p

p for trend

C-Peptide (ng/mL)

Ref.

−2.19 (−8.35 to 4.40)

0.505

−6.10 (−12.61 to 0.91)

0.086

0.083

Ghrelin (pg/mL)

Ref.

1.69 (−8.58 to 13.11)

0.758

−15.00 (−24.49 to −4.32)

0.007

0.003

GIP (pg/mL)

Ref.

0.08 (−10.17 to 11.49)

0.989

−12.94 (−22.75 to −1.89)

0.023

0.014

GLP-1 (ng/mL)

Ref.

0.21 (−12.99 to 15.42)

0.977

−17.64 (−29.67 to −3.56)

0.016

0.009

IL-6 (pg/ml)

Ref.

−4.50 (−18.17 to 11.46)

0.559

−27.89 (−39.20 to −14.48)

<0.001

<0.001

Leptin (ng/mL)

Ref.

−7.79 (−15.61 to 0.76)

0.073

−10.26 (−18.62 to −1.03)

0.030

0.044

PAI-1 (ng/mL)

Ref.

−3.06 (−10.65 to 5.17)

0.454

−3.24 (−11.61 to 5.93)

0.476

0.529

Resistin (ng/mL)

Ref.

−2.43 (−11.03 to 7.01)

0.601

−6.66 (−15.71 to 3.35)

0.184

0.180

TNF (pg/mL)

Ref.

−3.96 (−20.47 to 15.98)

0.674

−26.89 (−40.65 to −9.94)

0.003

0.002

Visfatin (ng/mL)

Ref.

−8.08 (−24.73 to 12.24)

0.408

−24.90 (−39.86 to −6.22)

0.012

0.010

Adiponectin (μg/mL)

Ref.

−3.27 (−19.20 to 15.79)

0.716

−7.34 (−23.98 to 12.93)

0.449

0.452

Adipsin (μg/mL)

Ref.

−2.45 (−15.37 to 12.45)

0.732

−7.39 (−20.90 to 8.44)

0.340

0.332

  1. Multivariable linear regression models were used for analysis. Data are given in % of change (95% IC). Models are adjusted for sex, age, change of body-mass-index, smoking (never, current, past), change of total energy intake (kcal/d), change of fibre intake (g/d), change of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids intake (g/d), physical activity (kcal/d), intervention group, change of Mediterranean Diet Score (%), T2DM and baseline values of each metabolic marker. GIP Gastric inhibitory polypeptide, GLP-1 Glucagon-like peptide-1, IL-6 Interleukin-6, PAI-1 Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, TNF, Tumor Necrosis Factor α.