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Table 1 Effects of metformin on metabolic changes in fructose-induced insulin resistant rats

From: The protective effect and underlying mechanism of metformin on neointima formation in fructose-induced insulin resistant rats

 

Chow control

Fructose diet (60%)

Fructose + Metformin

Body weight (g)

514.0 ± 25.4

554.0 ± 30.5*

517.2 ± 15.0†

Liver weight (g)

13.8 ± 2.1

18.0 ± 1.0

14.4 ± 2.2

Heart weight (g)

1.5 ± 0.2

2.1 ± 0.3

1.6 ± 0.1

Kidneys weight (g)

3.1 ± 0.7

4.7 ± 0.9

3.3 ± 0.5

Mean BP (mmHg)

94.6 ± 10.9

93.1 ± 4.5

86.5 ± 9.2

Glucose (mmol/L)

5.80 ± 0.41

6.32 ± 0.53*

5.24 ± 0.69‡

Insulin (μg/L)

0.14 ± 0.02

0.55 ± 0.22*

0.28 ± 0.02†

Cholesterol (mmol/L)

3.26 ± 0.22

3.97 ± 0.18*

3.46 ± 0.22†

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.33 ± 0.05

1.42 ± 0.23*

1.48 ± 0.29†

LDL-C (mmol/L)

0.97 ± 0.08

1.16 ± 0.12

0.82 ± 0.15†

Triglyceride (mmol/L)

2.10 ± 0.40

3.27 ± 1.02**

2.56 ± 0.75†

FFA (mmol/L)

0.77 ± 0.18

2.00 ± 0.31**

1.17 ± 0.22‡

MG (nmol/L)

190.40 ± 52.94

513.33 ± 58.29**

238.00 ± 42.00†

  1. *P < 0.05 vs. Chow control, **P <0.01 Fructose vs. Chow control.
  2. †P < 0.05 vs. Fructose, ‡P < 0.01 vs. Fructose.
  3. BP: blood pressure, HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, FFA: free fatty acids, MG: methylglyoxal.
  4. Determinations were performed 4 weeks after balloon injury following 4 week high fructose diet.