Table 1 Characteristics at baseline investigation (2006) and follow-up four years later (2010), in 172 men and 83 women with type 2 diabetes
Baseline | Follow-up | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | Men | Women | All | Men | Women | Δ All | |
Characteristics | mean (sd) | mean (sd) | mean (sd) | mean (sd) | mean (sd) | mean (sd) | mean (sd) |
Age (years) | 61 (2.8) | 61 (2.9) | 61 (2.6) | 65 (2.9) | 65 (2.9) | 65 (2.7) | 4 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.6 (5.0) | 29.3 (4.7) | 30.2 (5.5) | 29.8 (5.1) | 29.4 (5.0) | 30.6 (5.3) | 0.2 (2.2) |
Sagittal Abdominal Diameter (cm) | 25.2 (4.1) | 25.4 (4.1) | 24.8 (4.0) | 25.9 (4.5) | 26.0 (4.6) | 25.8 (4.3) | 0.6 (2.9)* |
Waist circumference (cm) | 102.4 (12.5) | 103.2 (12.3) | 100.5 (13.3) | 105.6 (12.4) | 106.1 (12.4) | 104.5 (12.6) | 3.3 (6.6)* |
Systolic Bloodpressure (mmHg) | 131 (17) | 132 (16) | 130 (17) | 131 (16) | 131 (15) | 132 (21) | 0.3 (17) |
Diastolic Bloodpressure (mmHg) | 75 (9) | 77 (8) | 70 (8) | 73 (9) | 75 (21) | 69 (9) | −1.7 (8.5)* |
HbA1c (% units) | 7.0 (1.0) | 7.0 (1.0) | 7.0 (1.0) | 7.2 (0.9) | 7.2 (0.9) | 7.3 (0.8) | 0.23 (1.0)* |
HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 53.2 (11.6) | 52.9 (11.6) | 53.7 (11.8) | 56.1 (9.8) | 55.5 (10.2) | 57.2 (8.9) | 2.6 (10.9)* |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.7 (1.0) | 4.6 (0.9) | 5.0 (1.0) | 4.4 (1.0) | 4.3 (1.0) | 4.4 (0.9) | −0.4 (1.1)* |
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L | 2.6 (0.8) | 2.6 (0.6) | 2.3 (0.9) | 2.4 (0.8) | 2.4 (0.9) | 2.3 (0.7) | −0.3 (0.9)* |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.4 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.5 (0.3) | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.4) | −0.1 (0.2)* |
Non HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.4 (1.0) | 3.3 (0.9) | 3.6 (1.1) | 3.1 (0.9) | 3.1 (0.9) | 3.1 (0.9) | −0.3 (1.1)* |
ApoB/ApoA-I | 0.73 (0.17) | 0.73 (0.16) | 0.71 (0.19) | 0.66 (0.20) | 0.68 (0.20) | 0.61 (0.18) | −0.08 (0.18)* |
ApoB | 0.95 (0.19) | 0.94 (0.18) | 0.97 (0.20) | 0.88 (0.21) | 0.89 (0.21) | 0.86 (0.21) | −0.08 (0.21)* |
Serum Triglycerides (mmol/L)** | 1.5 (6.5) | 1.4 (6.4) | 1.5 (4.4) | 1.4 (6.0) | 1.4 (6.0) | 1.5 (3.4) | −0.09 (7.5) |
Pulse wave velocity (m/s) | 10.2 (2.2) | 10.3 (2.2) | 10.0 (2.2) | 11.0 (2.4) | 11.1 (2.4) | 11.0 (2.5) | 0.84 (1.9)* |
Intima-Media Thickness (mm) | 0.70 (0.17) | 0.70 (0.18) | 0.67 (0.14) | 0.78 (0.20) | 0.79 (0.23) | 0.77 (0.15) | 0.09 (0.2)* |
Treatment with statins n (%) | 121 (47.5%) | 81 (47%) | 40 (48.2%) | 175 (69%) | 111 (61%) | 64 (78%) | 54 (21%)* |
Smoking n (%) | 41 (16%) | 24 (14%) | 17 (20.5%) | 35 (14%) | 19 (11%) | 16 (19.5%) | −6 (−2%)* |