Figure 2

HPA, RAGE and PI3K/AKT pathway correlate with AGEs-induced macrophage migration. Cells were cultured with AGEs for 24 h with or without pre-treatment with LY294002, anti-HPA or RAGE antibody for 1 h. The migration was measured by transwell assays. Results were normalized to the number of macrophages that migrated in control group. The results represent the mean of six culture wells (mean ± SEM). *p < 0.05 compared to control and #p <0.05 compared to AGEs. All of the experiments were performed independently in triplicate.