Skip to main content

Table 4 Unadjusted and adjusted percentages (standard error) of lipids and apolipoprotein B among adults aged ≥20 years, by glycemic status and survey, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1988–1991 and 2005-2006

From: Temporal changes in concentrations of lipids and apolipoprotein B among adults with diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes, prediabetes, and normoglycemia: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988–1991 to 2005–2008

 

Diagnosed diabetes

Undiagnosed diabetes

Prediabetes

Normal

 

1988-1991

2005-2008

P*

1988-1991

2005-2008

P*

1988-1991

2005-2008

P*

1988-1991

2005-2008

P*

N

207

457

 

92

103

 

566

850

 

2337

2539

 

Unadjusted

            

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dl in men, <50 mg/dl in women

46.4 (5.8)

37.2 (3.0)

0.165

57.5 (8.7)

34.4 (6.4)

0.037

41.8 (2.8)

24.9 (1.7)

<0.001

33.3 (1.7)

22.4 (1.1)

<0.001

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dl in men, <50 mg/dl in women or medication use†

47.9 (5.8)

40.7 (3.0)

0.275

57.5 (8.7)

37.5 (6.5)

0.071

43.4 (3.1)

26.4 (1.6)

<0.001

33.6 (1.6)

23.0 (1.0)

<0.001

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥100 mg/dl

86.1 (4.7)

42.9 (2.6)

<0.001

91.5 (3.3)

70.3 (4.9)

0.001

90.0 (1.4)

75.0 (1.7)

<0.001

74.4 (1.8)

66.0 (1.2)

<0.001

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥100 mg/dl or medication use

86.1 (4.7)

79.1 (2.4)

0.183

94.4 (2.4)

87.0 (4.9)

0.180

90.1 (1.4)

88.4 (1.3)

0.365

74.4 (1.8)

70.6 (1.2)

0.085

Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥130 mg/dl

81.9 (5.5)

43.6 (2.8)

<0.001

91.7 (3.4)

67.5 (5.4)

<0.001

85.0 (1.5)

67.9 (1.9)

<0.001

65.2 (1.7)

57.8 (0.8)

<0.001

Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl

44.7 (7.0)

43.9 (2.7)

0.909

54.3 (5.8)

43.0 (6.9)

0.215

33.9 (1.9)

33.2 (2.1)

0.797

24.7 (2.3)

24.7 (1.1)

0.997

Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl or medication use†

46.9 (6.9)

47.8 (3.0)

0.905

54.3 (5.8)

44.1 (7.1)

0.271

35.9 (1.9)

34.6 (2.0)

0.625

24.9 (2.3)

25.1 (1.0)

0.936

Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl or use of TG-lowering or cholesterol-lowering medications‡

47.6 (6.7)

73.5 (2.9)

0.001

54.3 (5.8)

67.4 (5.9)

0.121

36.9 (2.0)

50.2 (2.1)

<0.001

25.3 (2.4)

30.3 (1.3)

0.070

Apolipoprotein B ≥80 mg/dl

91.1 (3.6)

72.8 (2.1)

<0.001

95.8 (2.8)

87.9 (4.2)

0.123

92.8 (1.3)

86.6 (1.4)

0.002

81.7 (1.3)

77.2 (1.0)

0.007

Lipid triad: definition 1§

31.4 (6.5)

21.6 (2.8)

0.172

35.7 (7.7)

23.4 (5.2)

0.190

20.7 (1.7)

13.8 (1.2)

0.002

13.1 (1.5)

9.8 (0.7)

0.050

Lipid triad: definition 2ǁ

33.3 (6.4)

24.8 (2.7)

0.228

35.7 (7.7)

24.0 (5.3)

0.212

23.3 (1.9)

15.2 (1.1)

0.001

13.5 (1.4)

10.4 (0.7)

0.056

Lipid triad: definition 3¶

33.3 (6.4)

26.6 (2.8)

0.342

35.7 (7.7)

25.4 (5.8)

0.287

23.8 (2.1)

16.1 (1.1)

0.002

13.7 (1.5)

10.9 (0.7)

0.102

Age-adjusted

            

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dl in men, <50 mg/dl in women

51.5 (6.8)

41.5 (3.3)

0.180

63.4 (9.5)

38.7 (7.4)

0.042

45.6 (3.0)

27.2 (1.9)

<0.001

32.4 (1.6)

21.9 (1.0)

<0.001

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dl in men, <50 mg/dl in women or medication use†

52.1 (6.7)

44.5 (3.3)

0.293

62.2 (9.3)

41.2 (7.3)

0.078

46.6 (3.4)

28.3 (1.8)

<0.001

32.8 (1.6)

22.5 (1.0)

<0.001

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥100 mg/dl

80.9 (4.4)

40.2 (2.4)

<0.001

86.2 (3.3)

65.5 (4.6)

0.001

85.2 (1.4)

71.1 (1.7)

<0.001

75.8 (1.7)

67.1 (1.2)

<0.001

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥100 mg/dl or medication use

78.1 (4.2)

71.4 (2.2)

0.154

86.1 (2.7)

78.1 (4.3)

0.127

82.8 (1.3)

81.4 (1.4)

0.386

76.6 (1.7)

72.5 (1.2)

0.062

Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥130 mg/dl

74.2 (5.1)

39.3 (2.6)

<0.001

83.6 (3.7)

60.5 (4.8)

<0.001

78.0 (1.6)

62.5 (1.9)

<0.001

67.1 (1.6)

59.4 (0.8)

<0.001

Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl

38.6 (6.1)

37.7 (2.6)

0.882

47.4 (4.7)

36.6 (5.8)

0.155

29.8 (2.0)

29.3 (1.9)

0.832

25.8 (2.4)

25.7 (1.1)

0.970

Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl or medication use†

40.1 (5.9)

40.6 (2.8)

0.936

46.9 (4.7)

37.2 (5.9)

0.198

31.4 (1.8)

30.3 (1.8)

0.649

26.2 (2.3)

26.3 (1.0)

0.970

Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl or use of TG-lowering or cholesterol-lowering medications‡

38.1 (5.4)

58.4 (2.7)

0.001

44.2 (4.4)

52.9 (4.5)

0.160

30.3 (1.9)

41.6 (1.8)

<0.001

27.2 (2.4)

32.3 (1.3)

0.075

Apolipoprotein B ≥80 mg/dl

85.4 (3.2)

68.1 (2.1)

<0.001

90.2 (2.9)

81.9 (4.0)

0.096

87.8 (1.3)

82.0 (1.4)

0.001

83.3 (1.3)

78.5 (0.9)

0.005

Lipid triad: definition 1§

30.0 (6.4)

20.6 (2.8)

0.174

34.3 (7.2)

22.3 (5.1)

0.179

20.0 (1.8)

13.3 (1.1)

0.002

13.3 (1.5)

9.9 (0.7)

0.048

Lipid triad: definition 2ǁ

30.9 (6.2)

22.9 (2.6)

0.226

33.3 (6.9)

22.0 (4.9)

0.194

21.8 (1.8)

14.2 (1.1)

<0.001

13.8 (1.4)

10.6 (0.7)

0.053

Lipid triad: definition 3¶

30.5 (6.1)

24.2 (2.7)

0.336

32.9 (6.9)

23.0 (5.3)

0.262

22.0 (2.0)

14.9 (1.1)

0.002

14.0 (1.5)

11.2 (0.7)

0.098

Adjusted for age, gender, race or ethnicity, education, and body mass index

            

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dl in men, <50 mg/dl in women

45.8 (5.7)

34.8 (3.0)

0.073

50.6 (10.4)

31.0 (7.0)

0.111

47.6 (2.9)

25.6 (1.8)

<0.001

34.0 (1.8)

21.9 (1.1)

<0.001

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dl in men, <50 mg/dl in women or medication use†

46.7 (5.6)

37.6 (3.1)

0.131

50.3 (10.0)

33.3 (7.1)

0.157

48.6 (3.2)

26.7 (1.7)

<0.001

34.4 (1.7)

22.5 (1.0)

<0.001

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥100 mg/dl

79.8 (4.1)

38.1 (2.3)

<0.001

82.2 (3.1)

60.3 (3.8)

<0.001

85.6 (1.7)

69.2 (1.9)

<0.001

77.4 (1.8)

67.0 (1.2)

<0.001

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥100 mg/dl or medication use

77.6 (3.9)

67.8 (2.2)

0.024

82.8 (2.6)

71.8 (4.0)

0.018

83.6 (1.6)

79.3 (1.6)

0.018

78.1 (1.8)

72.4 (1.2)

0.012

Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥130 mg/dl

72.1 (4.5)

35.6 (2.4)

<0.001

76.6 (4.0)

51.9 (3.9)

<0.001

79.2 (1.9)

59.7 (2.0)

<0.001

69.8 (1.6)

59.3 (0.8)

<0.001

Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl

36.9 (5.3)

32.6 (2.4)

0.444

41.5 (7.2)

29.2 (6.0)

0.183

31.8 (1.9)

27.7 (1.9)

0.090

27.6 (2.4)

25.3 (1.0)

0.376

Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl or medication use†

38.4 (5.1)

35.3 (2.6)

0.558

41.3 (7.1)

29.8 (6.1)

0.209

33.4 (1.6)

28.7 (1.7)

0.025

28.0 (2.4)

25.8 (0.9)

0.399

Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl or use of TG-lowering or cholesterol-lowering medications‡

37.0 (4.9)

51.2 (2.8)

0.009

40.1 (5.7)

42.9 (5.2)

0.707

32.0 (1.8)

39.4 (1.8)

0.001

28.9 (2.5)

32.0 (1.2)

0.255

Apolipoprotein B ≥80 mg/dl

84.1 (3.1)

64.5 (2.0)

<0.001

85.8 (3.1)

75.5 (3.4)

0.017

88.2 (1.6)

80.0 (1.5)

<0.001

84.9 (1.2)

78.5 (0.9)

<0.001

Lipid triad: definition 1§

27.6 (5.6)

17.7 (2.5)

0.099

28.4 (8.0)

17.6 (5.0)

0.240

21.7 (1.8)

12.7 (1.1)

<0.001

14.1 (1.5)

9.8 (0.7)

0.013

Lipid triad: definition 2ǁ

28.7 (5.5)

19.7 (2.4)

0.117

28.2 (7.6)

17.5 (4.9)

0.227

23.7 (1.8)

13.6 (1.0)

<0.001

14.7 (1.5)

10.4 (0.7)

0.012

Lipid triad: definition 3

28.3 (5.4)

20.8 (2.4)

0.186

27.9 (7.3)

18.1 (5.0)

0.260

23.7 (1.9)

14.1 (1.0)

<0.001

14.9 (1.5)

11.1 (0.7)

0.028

  1. *P-values for difference of predicted marginal from log-linear regressions.
  2. †Use of fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, and niacin.
  3. ‡Use of cholesterol-lowering medications as well as fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, and niacin.
  4. §Definition 1 was based on measured values of concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoprotein B.
  5. ǁ Definition 2: use of fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, and niacin was counted as having elevated concentrations of triglycerides and decreased concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
  6. ¶Definition 3: use of cholesterol-lowering medications, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, and niacin was counted as having elevated concentrations of triglycerides and use of fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, and niacin was counted as having decreased concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Back to article page

Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840