Table 1 Unadjusted percentages, medians, or means (standard error) of selected sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics among adults aged > =20 years, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988–1991 and 2005-2008
Diagnosed diabetes | Undiagnosed diabetes | Prediabetes | Normal | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1988-1991 | 2005-2008 | P* | 1988-1991 | 2005-2008 | P* | 1988-1991 | 2005-2008 | P* | 1988-1991 | 2005-2008 | P* | |
N | 207 | 457 | 92 | 103 | 566 | 850 | 2337 | 2539 | ||||
Age (years) - median | 59.9 (1.6) | 59.8 (1.1) | — | 58.6 (2.1) | 61.6 (3.0) | — | 56.9 (2.2) | 56.5 (0.9) | — | 38.0 (0.8) | 40.9 (0.8) | — |
Age (%) | 0.783 | 0.531 | 0.257 | 0.001 | ||||||||
20-39 years | 13.3 (4.3) | 10.8 (1.7) | 13.2 (4.8) | 6.7 (3.0) | 18.0 (2.7) | 14.7 (1.4) | 51.5 (1.6) | 46.2 (1.4) | ||||
40-59 years | 33.6 (4.8) | 37.3 (2.6) | 38.1 (6.5) | 40.8 (6.2) | 36.2 (3.3) | 41.2 (1.9) | 30.6 (1.5) | 38.8 (1.4) | ||||
≥60 years | 53.1 (3.8) | 51.9 (2.9) | 48.7 (6.6) | 52.5 (6.5) | 45.9 (4.3) | 44.1 (2.1) | 17.9 (1.5) | 15.0 (1.4) | ||||
Men (%) | 36.4 (5.7) | 44.4 (3.0) | 0.221 | 49.5 (7.9) | 56.6 (6.1) | 0.482 | 53.3 (3.1) | 47.9 (2.3) | 0.170 | 47.9 (1.3) | 48.8 (1.0) | 0.567 |
Race or ethnicity (%) | 0.268 | 0.932 | 0.020 | 0.004 | ||||||||
White | 73.4 (4.3) | 65.3 (4.3) | 53.3 (6.3) | 55.3 (6.9) | 63.9 (5.0) | 66.7 (3.4) | 81.1 (2.2) | 73.7 (2.0) | ||||
African American | 15.1 (3.6) | 17.3 (2.9) | 29.8 (4.9) | 28.3 (4.0) | 24.0 (3.1) | 17.4 (2.5) | 7.7 (1.0) | 8.3 (1.1) | ||||
Mexican American | 8.4 (1.4) | 8.2 (1.4) | 8.1 (2.6) | 9.9 (2.7) | 4.8 (0.5) | 7.3 (1.3) | 4.7 (0.6) | 8.0 (0.9) | ||||
Other | 3.1 (2.2) | 9.2 (2.3) | 8.8 (5.9) | 6.6 (3.1) | 7.3 (2.4) | 8.6 (1.9) | 6.5 (1.7) | 9.9 (1.1) | ||||
≥High school graduates (%) | 57.4 (5.5) | 70.4 (2.2) | 0.030 | 50.2 (5.4) | 71.7 (4.8) | 0.013 | 60.3 (2.8) | 77.7 (1.7) | <0.001 | 79.4 (1.9) | 84.4 (1.2) | 0.034 |
Body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 (%) | 38.2 (5.8) | 61.7 (2.8) | 0.001 | 60.3 (7.1) | 68.4 (6.2) | 0.378 | 28.2 (2.5) | 43.0 (2.0) | <0.001 | 17.4 (1.3) | 27.5 (1.3) | <0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.6 (0.7) | 32.8 (0.5) | 0.001 | 32.6 (1.8) | 34.8 (1.3) | 0.343 | 27.6 (0.3) | 30.2 (0.3) | <0.001 | 25.7 (0.2) | 27.5 (0.2) | <0.001 |
HbA1c (%) | 6.8 (0.2) | 7.2 (0.1) | 0.060 | 7.8 (0.3) | 7.5 (0.2) | 0.345 | 5.9 (<0.1) | 5.9 (<0.1) | 0.024 | 5.0 (<0.1) | 5.2 (<0.1) | <0.001 |