Table 2 Roughness measurement results from healthy and diabetic erythrocytes

Roughness 1 ^st order

3.099 nm ± 0.499 nm

1.70 nm ± 0.13 nm

0.000141*

Roughness 2 ^nd order

4.12 nm ± 0.51 nm

1.66 nm ± 0.24 nm

6.42 E-07*

Roughness 3 ^rd order

1.72 nm ± 0.199 nm

0.82 nm ± 0.11 nm

0.000304*