Table 1 Characteristics of study subjects

Male (%)

46 (58.2%)

153 (73.6%)

122 (56.7%)

0.001

0.009

0.01

Age (years)

50±7

49±15

56±14

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

Smoking (n, %)

44 (55.7%)

84 (40.4%)

65 (30.2%)

<0.001

<0.001

0.740

Alcohol (n, %)

44 (55.7%)

37 (17.8%)

36 (16.7%)

<0.001

<0.001

0.311

Hypertension (%)

17 (21.5%)

81 (38.9%)

98 (45.6%)

0.001

0.026

0.685

BMI (kg/m2)

24.64±3.5

25.05±3.54

25.16±3.59

0.548

0.095

0.251

WHR

0.90±0.05

0.91±0.06

0.91±0.06

0.051

0.128

0.894

Weight category

0.648

0.365

0.631

underweight

0 (0.00%)

3 (1.4%)

2 (0.9%)

——

——

——

overweight

23 (29.1%)

48 (23.1%)

48 (22.3%)

——

——

——

obesity

32 (40.5%)

97 (46.6%)

109 (50.7%)

——

——

——

SBP (mmHg)

129±14

127±15

130±17

0.162

0.907

0.523

DBP (mmHg)

84±12

81±11

81±9

0.039

0.073

0.729

*TG (mmol/l)

1.52 (1.05-2.04)

1.44 (1.00-2.19)

1.49 (1.08-2.21)

0.711

0.394

0.831

TC (mmol/l)

5.05±1.10

5.03±1.22

4.82±1.22

0.163

0.080

0.035

HDL (mmol/l)

1.45±0.34

1.05±0.27

1.11±0.25

<0.001

<0.001

0.390

LDL (mmol/l)

3.78±1.24

3.40±1.03

3.12±0.97

<0.001

<0.001

0.002

*FPG (mmol/l)

5.36 (5.00-5.66)

9.74 (7.63-12.45)

7.53 (6.39-9.67)

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

*2h PPG (mmol/l)

5.00 (4.48-6.08)

16.66 (12.94-20.79)

13.14 (10.39-16.66)

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

*FCP

——

1.23 (0.74-1.92)

2.02 (1.36-2.93)

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

*2h PCP

——

2.31 (1.55-3.66)

4.65 (3.12-6.35)

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

HA1C (%)

5.44±0.43

11.83±2.05

9.81±2.58

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001