| Males | Females | P |
---|---|---|---|
N | 1326 | 1382 | Â |
Basic characteristics | Â | Â | Â |
Age, y | 47.6 ± 11.3 | 49.4 ± 13.1 | <0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 25.7 ± 3.8 | 25.2 ± 3.3 | 0.002 |
Physical activity level | 1.45 ± 0.40 | 1.49 ± 0.42 | 0.011 |
Insulin Resistance, n (%) | 288 (21.7) | 240 (17.4) | 0.004 |
Type 2 diabetes, n (%) | 243 (18.3) | 189 (13.7) | <0.001 |
Obesity, n (%) | 273 (20.6) | 283 (20.5) | 0.943 |
Alcohol use, n (%) | 797 (60.1) | 170 (12.3) | <0.001 |
Smoking, n (%) | Â | Â | <0.001 |
Never | 541 (40.8) | 1273 (92.1) | Â |
Past | 164 (12.4) | 23 (1.7) | Â |
Current | 621 (46.8) | 86 (6.2) | Â |
Clinical variables | Â | Â | Â |
25(OH)D, ng/ml | 25.7 ± 6.7 | 25.1 ± 6.4 | 0.017 |
FG, mmol/L | 5.1 (3.6-9.2) | 4.9 (3.4-10.3) | 0.054 |
PG, mmol/L | 7.9 (3.8-14.5) | 7.6 (3.5-13.6) | 0.011 |
HbAlc, % | 4.3 (3.4-11.7) | 3.9 (3.3-11.5) | 0.002 |
Insulin, mU/L | 6.1 (1.5-17.5) | 6.0 (1.4-16.8) | 0.051 |
HOMA-IR | 1.4 (0.3-6.2) | 1.3 (0.3-6.0) | 0.011 |
TC, mmol/L | 4.8 ± 1.1 | 4.9 ± 1.2 | 0.024 |
TG, mmol/L | 1.7 (0.5-6.1) | 1.5 (0.4-5.9) | <0.001 |
HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.5 (0.8-2.3) | 1.5 (0.7-2.4) | 0.286 |
LDL-C, mmol/L | 3.0 (0.6-5.2) | 2.9 (0.5-5.4) | 0.118 |
apoA, mmol/L | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 2.0 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
apoB, mmol/L | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
FFAs, μmol/L | 723.8 ± 293.7 | 729.4 ± 265.4 | 0.602 |
LPL, U/L | 653.1 ± 187.8 | 664.3 ± 193.5 | 0.127 |