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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics for males and females a

From: Lipoprotein lipase links vitamin D, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional epidemiological study

 

Males

Females

P

N

1326

1382

 

Basic characteristics

   

Age, y

47.6 ± 11.3

49.4 ± 13.1

<0.001

BMI, kg/m2

25.7 ± 3.8

25.2 ± 3.3

0.002

Physical activity level

1.45 ± 0.40

1.49 ± 0.42

0.011

Insulin Resistance, n (%)

288 (21.7)

240 (17.4)

0.004

Type 2 diabetes, n (%)

243 (18.3)

189 (13.7)

<0.001

Obesity, n (%)

273 (20.6)

283 (20.5)

0.943

Alcohol use, n (%)

797 (60.1)

170 (12.3)

<0.001

Smoking, n (%)

  

<0.001

Never

541 (40.8)

1273 (92.1)

 

Past

164 (12.4)

23 (1.7)

 

Current

621 (46.8)

86 (6.2)

 

Clinical variables

   

25(OH)D, ng/ml

25.7 ± 6.7

25.1 ± 6.4

0.017

FG, mmol/L

5.1 (3.6-9.2)

4.9 (3.4-10.3)

0.054

PG, mmol/L

7.9 (3.8-14.5)

7.6 (3.5-13.6)

0.011

HbAlc, %

4.3 (3.4-11.7)

3.9 (3.3-11.5)

0.002

Insulin, mU/L

6.1 (1.5-17.5)

6.0 (1.4-16.8)

0.051

HOMA-IR

1.4 (0.3-6.2)

1.3 (0.3-6.0)

0.011

TC, mmol/L

4.8 ± 1.1

4.9 ± 1.2

0.024

TG, mmol/L

1.7 (0.5-6.1)

1.5 (0.4-5.9)

<0.001

HDL-C, mmol/L

1.5 (0.8-2.3)

1.5 (0.7-2.4)

0.286

LDL-C, mmol/L

3.0 (0.6-5.2)

2.9 (0.5-5.4)

0.118

apoA, mmol/L

1.8 ± 0.4

2.0 ± 0.4

<0.001

apoB, mmol/L

0.8 ± 0.2

0.7 ± 0.3

<0.001

FFAs, μmol/L

723.8 ± 293.7

729.4 ± 265.4

0.602

LPL, U/L

653.1 ± 187.8

664.3 ± 193.5

0.127

  1. a Data are presented as n(%), means ± SD or median (range). χ2 test or ANOVA were adopted to compare differences between males and females.
  2. Abbreviations: FFAs, free fatty acids; FG, fasting serum glucose; HOMA-IR, Homeostasis model of assessment - insulin resistance; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; PG, 2 h post-load glucose; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.