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Table 2 Adjusted hazard ratios for cardiovascular disease by the haemoglobin A1c level and group with antidiabetic medication

From: Haemoglobin A1c even within non-diabetic level is a predictor of cardiovascular disease in a general Japanese population: the Hisayama Study

 

HbA1c level

Antidiabetic medication

 

≤ 5.0

5.1–5.4

5.5–6.4

≤ 6.5

No. of subjects at risk

955

923

 

736

 

104

 

133

 

Total cardiovascular disease (n)

19

31

 

39

 

12

 

18

 

Age- and sex-adjusted HR (95% CI)

1.00

1.56

(0.88–2.78)

2.19

(1.26–3.81)b

4.94

(2.39–10.2)b

4.53

(2.36–8.69)b

Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)

1.00

1.60

(0.90–2.85)

2.26

(1.29–3.95)b

4.43

(2.09–9.37)b

5.15

(2.65–10.0)b

Coronary heart disease (n)

8

10

 

17

 

5

 

8

 

Age- and sex-adjusted HR (95% CI)

1.00

1.24

(0.49–3.16)

2.28

(0.98–5.31)

4.63

(1.51–14.2)b

4.30

(1.61–11.5)b

Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)

1.00

1.15

(0.45–2.93)

2.11

(0.90–4.95)

3.55

(1.11–11.3)a

4.39

(1.60–12.0)b

Ischaemic stroke (n)

5

13

 

15

 

6

 

7

 

Age- and sex-adjusted HR (95% CI)

1.00

2.42

(0.86–6.82)

3.19

(1.15–8.83)a

9.47

(2.88–31.1)b

6.99

(2.18–22.4)b

Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)

1.00

2.57

(0.91–7.29)

3.57

(1.27–10.0)a

9.65

(2.81–33.1)b

8.33

(2.54–27.3)b

Haemorrhagic stroke (n)

6

8

 

10

 

2

 

3

 

Age- and sex-adjusted HR (95% CI)

1.00

1.26

(0.44–3.66)

1.77

(0.64–4.91)

2.58

(0.52–12.8)

2.38

(0.58–9.66)

Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)

1.00

1.42

(0.48–4.14)

1.87

(0.66–5.25)

2.41

(0.46–12.5)

2.70

(0.65–11.3)

  1. Abbreviations: HbA1c, Haemoglobin A1c; HR, Hazard ratio; CI, Confidence interval.
  2. ap < 0.05, bp < 0.01 vs. Haemoglobin A1c ≤5.0%.
  3. Multivariable adjustment was made for age, sex, hypertension, electrocardiogram abnormalities, body mass index, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, current smoking, current alcohol use, and regular exercise.