Table 1 Baseline characteristics of subjects by the haemoglobin A1c levels and group with antidiabetic medication
| Â | HbA1c level (%) | Antidiabetic medication | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤ 5.0 | 5.1–5.4 | 5.5–6.4 | ≤ 6.5 | ||
Variables | (n = 955) | (n = 923) | (n = 736) | (n = 104) | (n = 133) |
Age (years) | 56 (11) | 59 (10) | 61 (10) | 60 (10) | 65 (9) |
Men (%) | 46.0 | 38.1 | 41.9 | 47.1 | 56.4 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)* | 5.6 (0.5) | 5.8 (0.5) | 6.2 (0.8) | 9.2 (2.6) | 8.7 (2.0) |
2-hour postload glucose (mmol/L)* | 6.5 (1.5) | 7.1 (1.9) | 8.6 (3.1) | 16.9 (5.3) | 17.1 (4.7) |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 128 (20) | 129 (19) | 135 (21) | 143 (22) | 139 (22) |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 77 (12) | 78 (12) | 80 (12) | 84 (13) | 81 (12) |
Hypertension (%) | 33.5 | 35.8 | 49.3 | 54.8 | 69.9 |
ECG abnormalities (%) | 15.5 | 12.2 | 17.7 | 18.3 | 14.3 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.4 (2.9) | 23.3 (3.2) | 24.0 (3.6) | 25.8 (4.3) | 23.8 (3.4) |
Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.12 (0.90) | 5.37 (0.90) | 5.41 (0.94) | 5.62 (0.91) | 5.29 (0.94) |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.70 (0.44) | 1.62 (0.41) | 1.56 (0.39) | 1.46 (0.39) | 1.58 (0.42) |
Current smoking (%) | 27.2 | 22.0 | 20.2 | 26.0 | 18.8 |
Current alcohol use (%) | 52.7 | 44.0 | 39.3 | 48.1 | 44.4 |
Regular exercise (%) | 10.6 | 8.8 | 12.8 | 8.7 | 15.8 |