Figure 3
From: Effects of combination therapy with vildagliptin and valsartan in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes
Combination therapy attenuates insulin resistance with alleviation of ER stress and oxidative stress in liver. Liver (A) or muscle (B) lysates were extracted 8 weeks after initiation of each treatment in db/db mice with or without 5 units of insulin stimulation through the inferior vena cava, and were analyzed by western blotting. PERK (C) and eIF2α phosphorylation (D) were also analyzed in liver samples without insulin stimulation. The amount of nitrotyrosine (E) was measured in liver of db/db mice. Values represent mean ± SEM, n = 6 – 8. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 significantly different from the CT group. ††p < 0.05 compared with the PHZ group.