Diabetes mellitus activates fetal gene program and intensifies cardiac remodeling and oxidative stress in aged spontaneously hypertensive rats

Table 3 Echocardiographic left ventricular functional data

Parameters	SHR (n = 21)	SHR-DM (n = 16)	P value
FS (%)	45.8 ± 9.35	37.1 ± 8.94	0.005
Ejection fraction	0.83 ± 0.08	0.74 ± 0.11	0.005
PWSV (mm/s)	30.9 ± 7.10	26.4 ± 5.94	0.039
E-wave (cm/s)	77.1 ± 25.2	92.9 ± 30.4	0.090
A-wave (cm/s)	72.2 ± 37.1	34.4 ± 20.5	0.001
E/A	0.75 (0.62 – 4.37)	1.41 (1.19 – 6.43)	0.014
EDT (ms)	38.1 ± 5.67	33.2 ± 7.09	0.132
IVRT (ms)	36.9 ± 7.60	43.4 ± 6.44	0.008

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median and 25^th and 75^th percentile. SHR: spontaneously hypertensive rats without diabetes mellitus; SHR-DM: SHR with diabetes mellitus; FS: endocardial fractional shortening; PWSV: posterior wall shortening velocity; E: early diastolic mitral inflow velocity; A: late diastolic mitral inflow velocity; EDT: E-wave deceleration time; IVRT: isovolumetric relaxation time. P value: result of statistical test (Student’s t or Mann-Whitney tests).

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