|
Electrolyte levels
|
NGR (Group I)
|
IGR (Group II)
|
DM (Group III)
|
P-value
|
|---|
|
All
|
I vs. II
|
II vs. III
|
I vs. III
|
Linear trend
|
|---|
|
Overall
|
n = 1170
|
n = 389
|
n = 343
| | | | | |
|
Na+ (mmol/L)
|
142.1 ± 2.0
|
142.1 ± 2.0
|
141.0 ± 2.4
|
<0.01
|
1.000
|
<0.001
|
<0.001
|
<0.01
|
|
K+ (mmol/L)
|
4.21 ± 0.37
|
4.17 ± 0.38
|
4.26 ± 0.37
|
0.01
|
0.188
|
0.007
|
0.172
|
0.25
|
|
Ca2+ (mmol/L)
|
2.33 ± 0.09
|
2.34 ± 0.09
|
2.36 ± 0.11
|
<0.01
|
0.110
|
0.034
|
<0.001
|
<0.01
|
|
Mg2+ (mmol/L)
|
0.91 ± 0.07
|
0.92 ± 0.08
|
0.88 ± 0.08
|
<0.01
|
0.643
|
<0.001
|
<0.001
|
<0.01
|
|
Men
|
n = 458
|
n = 153
|
n = 147
| | | | | |
|
Na+ (mmol/L)
|
142.0 ± 2.0
|
142.3 ± 1.9
|
141.0 ± 2.2
|
<0.01
|
0.501
|
<0.001
|
<0.001
|
<0.01
|
|
K+ (mmol/L)
|
4.22 ± 0.39
|
4.14 ± 0.38
|
4.26 ± 0.40
|
0.04
|
0.128
|
0.040
|
0.930
|
0.71
|
|
Ca2+ (mmol/L)
|
2.32 ± 0.09
|
2.32 ± 0.09
|
2.34 ± 0.10
|
<0.01
|
1.000
|
0.121
|
0.002
|
<0.01
|
|
Mg2+ (mmol/L)
|
0.92 ± 0.07
|
0.92 ± 0.08
|
0.89 ± 0.08
|
<0.01
|
1.000
|
<0.001
|
<0.001
|
<0.01
|
|
Women
|
n = 712
|
n = 236
|
n = 196
| | | | | |
|
Na+ (mmol/L)
|
142.1 ± 2.0
|
141.9 ± 2.1
|
141.1 ± 2.5
|
<0.01
|
1.000
|
<0.001
|
<0.001
|
<0.01
|
|
K+ (mmol/L)
|
4.21 ± 0.36
|
4.19 ± 0.37
|
4.26 ± 0.34
|
0.14
|
1.000
|
0.169
|
0.309
|
0.22
|
|
Ca2+ (mmol/L)
|
2.34 ± 0.09
|
2.35 ± 0.09
|
2.37 ± 0.11
|
<0.01
|
0.143
|
0.217
|
0.001
|
<0.01
|
|
Mg2+ (mmol/L)
|
0.91 ± 0.07
|
0.92 ± 0.08
|
0.87 ± 0.09
|
<0.01
|
1.000
|
<0.001
|
<0.001
|
<0.01
|
- Descriptive values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. Differences are assessed using the one-way ANOVA. Bonferroni correction is applied for multiple testing. Linear trends of electrolyte levels within groups were tested.
- Abbreviations: NGR Normal glucose regulation, IGR Impaired glucose regulation, DM Diabetes mellitus, Na Sodium, K Potassium, Ca Calcium, Mg, Magnesium.
