Serum electrolyte levels in relation to macrovascular complications in Chinese patients with diabetes mellitus

Table 4 Serum electrolyte levels of subjects among the groups

Electrolyte levels	NGR (Group I)	IGR (Group II)	DM (Group III)	P-value
Electrolyte levels	NGR (Group I)	IGR (Group II)	DM (Group III)	All	I vs. II	II vs. III	I vs. III	Linear trend
Overall	n = 1170	n = 389	n = 343
Na⁺ (mmol/L)	142.1 ± 2.0	142.1 ± 2.0	141.0 ± 2.4	<0.01	1.000	<0.001	<0.001	<0.01
K⁺ (mmol/L)	4.21 ± 0.37	4.17 ± 0.38	4.26 ± 0.37	0.01	0.188	0.007	0.172	0.25
Ca²⁺ (mmol/L)	2.33 ± 0.09	2.34 ± 0.09	2.36 ± 0.11	<0.01	0.110	0.034	<0.001	<0.01
Mg²⁺ (mmol/L)	0.91 ± 0.07	0.92 ± 0.08	0.88 ± 0.08	<0.01	0.643	<0.001	<0.001	<0.01
Men	n = 458	n = 153	n = 147
Na⁺ (mmol/L)	142.0 ± 2.0	142.3 ± 1.9	141.0 ± 2.2	<0.01	0.501	<0.001	<0.001	<0.01
K⁺ (mmol/L)	4.22 ± 0.39	4.14 ± 0.38	4.26 ± 0.40	0.04	0.128	0.040	0.930	0.71
Ca²⁺ (mmol/L)	2.32 ± 0.09	2.32 ± 0.09	2.34 ± 0.10	<0.01	1.000	0.121	0.002	<0.01
Mg²⁺ (mmol/L)	0.92 ± 0.07	0.92 ± 0.08	0.89 ± 0.08	<0.01	1.000	<0.001	<0.001	<0.01
Women	n = 712	n = 236	n = 196
Na⁺ (mmol/L)	142.1 ± 2.0	141.9 ± 2.1	141.1 ± 2.5	<0.01	1.000	<0.001	<0.001	<0.01
K⁺ (mmol/L)	4.21 ± 0.36	4.19 ± 0.37	4.26 ± 0.34	0.14	1.000	0.169	0.309	0.22
Ca²⁺ (mmol/L)	2.34 ± 0.09	2.35 ± 0.09	2.37 ± 0.11	<0.01	0.143	0.217	0.001	<0.01
Mg²⁺ (mmol/L)	0.91 ± 0.07	0.92 ± 0.08	0.87 ± 0.09	<0.01	1.000	<0.001	<0.001	<0.01

Descriptive values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. Differences are assessed using the one-way ANOVA. Bonferroni correction is applied for multiple testing. Linear trends of electrolyte levels within groups were tested.
Abbreviations: NGR Normal glucose regulation, IGR Impaired glucose regulation, DM Diabetes mellitus, Na Sodium, K Potassium, Ca Calcium, Mg, Magnesium.

ISSN: 1475-2840