|
Parameters
|
Non-diabetic subjects
|
Diabetic patients
|
p value
|
|---|
|
(n = 59)
|
(n = 83)
|
|---|
|
Age (years)
|
63.6 ± 9.5
|
65.4 ± 8.4
|
0.214
|
|
Male/female (n, %)
|
33/26, 56/44
|
52/31, 63/37
|
0.264
|
|
BMI (Kg/m2)
|
28 ± 4.3
|
29.8 ± 5
|
0.049
|
|
SBP (mmHg)
|
143 ± 22
|
139 ± 21.4
|
0.333
|
|
DBP (mmHg)
|
80 (72-90)
|
75 (70-80)
|
0.002
|
|
MBP (mmHg)
|
102 ± 13.9
|
96.5 ± 12.3
|
0.016
|
|
PP (mmHg)
|
62.3 ± 17.5
|
64 ± 19.4
|
0.605
|
|
HbA1c (%)
|
5.3 (5.1-5.4)
|
6.7 (5.9-7.5)
|
<0.001
|
|
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)
|
92 (87-95)
|
115 (101-138)
|
<0.001
|
|
Comorbidities, (n, %)
| | | |
|
Hypertension
|
41, 70
|
68, 82
|
0.064
|
|
Hypertriglyceridemia
|
8, 14
|
18, 22
|
0.158
|
|
Hypercholesterolemia
|
34, 58
|
23, 28
|
<0.001
|
|
Obesity
|
18, 30
|
39, 47
|
0.049
|
|
CKD
|
5, 8.5
|
15, 18
|
0.115
|
|
Treatment, (n, %)
| | | |
|
Antidiabetic agents
| | | |
|
Metformin
|
0, 0
|
25, 30
| |
|
Sulfonylureas
|
0, 0
|
18, 22
| |
|
Other oral anti-diabetic drugs
|
0, 0
|
22, 27
| |
|
Insulin
|
0, 0
|
23, 28
| |
|
Anti-hypertensive agents
| | | |
|
ACEi/ARAs
|
16, 28
|
49, 59
|
<0.001
|
|
Diuretics
|
6, 10
|
20, 24
|
0.030
|
|
Ca2 + -antagonists
|
10, 17
|
19, 23
|
0.274
|
|
Beta-blockers
|
5, 9
|
20, 24
|
0.014
|
|
Other pharmacological agents
| | | |
|
Statins
|
14, 24
|
48, 58
|
<0.001
|
|
Anti-coagulants
|
0, 0
|
14, 16
| |
|
Anti-aggregants
|
14, 24
|
44, 53
|
<0.001
|
- BMI means body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MBP, mean blood pressure; PP, pulse pressure; HbA1c, glycosylated haemoglobin; CKD, chronic kidney disease; ACEi, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARA, angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and CKD was diagnosed if the estimated glomerular filtration rate was < 60 ml/min/1.73m2 and/or microalbuminuria was present defined as an albumin-to-creatinine ratio between 30 and 300 mg/g. Values are expressed as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range), and categorical variables as numbers and percentages.
