Urinary adiponectin concentration is positively associated with micro- and macro-vascular complications

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population ( n = 708) according to urinary adiponectin tertile

	Tetile-1 (n = 236)	Tertile-2 (n = 236)	Tertile-3 (n = 236)	P value
	(<3.19 μg/gCr)	(3.19-7.07 μg/gCr)	(≥7.07 μg/gCr)
Age (years)	53.69 ± 13.86*†	61.15 ± 11.65	63.02 ± 10.27	<0.001
Sex (Female/Male)	102/134	145/91	124/112	<0.001
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l)	7.03 ± 1.77†	7.47 ± 1.85‡	8.13 ± 2.48	<0.001
HbA1C (%)	6.51 ± 1.11†	6.75 ± 1.22‡	7.23 ± 1.54	<0.001
Total cholesterol (mmol/l)	4.88 ± 1.05	4.87 ± 0.89	4.95 ± 0.92	0.601
Triglycerides(mmol/l)	1.57 ± 1.04†	1.71 ± 1.02	1.82 ± 1.11	0.035
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)	1.31 ± 0.31	1.29 ± 0.31	1.33 ± 0.35	0.493
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)	2.82 ± 0.88	2.73 ± 0.77	2.76 ± 0.83	0.479
Fasting insulin (pmol/l)	60.73 ± 31.79	67.05 ± 32.25	66.99 ± 30.28	0.045
HOMA-IR	3.27 ± 1.97†	3.76 ± 2.28	4.11 ± 2.53	<0.001
hs CRP (mg/l)	0.22 ± 0.52	0.19 ± 0.43	0.23 ± 0.56	0.625
BMI (kg/m²)	24.76 ± 3.43	24.68 ± 3.40	24.93 ± 3.22	0.725
Waist circumference (cm)	85.28 ± 9.63	85.95 ± 8.77	87.11 ± 8.59	0.088
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)	126.98 ± 15.04†	129.83 ± 15.36‡	135.12 ± 16.86	<0.001
Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)	80.56 ± 10.78†	81.70 ± 10.39‡	84.87 ± 10.99	<0.001
eCcr (ml/min)	93.59 ± 26.32*†	86.67 ± 26.73	84.18 ± 27.32	0.001
Current alcohol intake (%)	22.0	15.7	21.6	0.156
Current smoker (%)	17.8	11.9	13.6	0.171
Taking ACEi/ARB medication (%)	14.8	19.9	19.9	0.249
Urinary A/C ratio (mg/g)	21.65 ± 34.80*†	30.48 ± 47.62	60.76 ± 64.85	<0.001
Serum adiponectin (μg/ml)	6.46 ± 5.06*†	8.36 ± 6.25	8.64 ± 6.61	0.001

All data are expressed as mean ± SD or percentages. P value = the difference among the three groups using ANOVA test. *P value <0.05 Tertile-1 vs. Tertile-2. †P value <0.05 Tertile-1 vs. Tertile-3. ‡P value <0.05 Tertile-2 vs. Tertile-3. (Post-hoc analysis using Bonferroni method).
SD standard deviation, HbA1C glycated hemoglobin, HDL high density lipoprotein, LDL low density lipoprotein, HOMA-IR Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, hs CRP high sensitivity C-reactive protein, BMI body mass index, eCcr estimated creatinine clearance rate, ACEi ACE inhibitor, ARB Angiotensin receptor blocker, A/C ratio albumin/creatinine ratio.

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