Female (%)
|
44
|
44
|
39
|
53
|
38
|
42
|
0.84
|
0.010
|
Age (years)
|
54 ± 13
|
49 ± 12
|
39 ± 13
|
57 ± 11
|
58 ± 13
|
55 ± 10
|
<0.001
|
0.031
|
Diabetes duration (years)
|
34 ± 15
|
n/a
|
6 ± 3
|
38 ± 11
|
35 ± 15
|
38 ± 11
|
N/A
|
0.056
|
HbA1c (mmol/mol)
|
64 ± 13
|
35 ± 3
|
65 ± 13
|
62 ± 10
|
65 ± 13
|
68 ± 14
|
<0.001
|
<0.001
|
Total cholesterol (mmol/l)
|
4.7 ± 0.9
|
5.5 ± 0.9
|
4.7 ± 0.8
|
4.8 ± 0.7
|
4.6 ± 0.8
|
4.6 ± 1.0
|
<0.001
|
0.23
|
Body mass index (kg/m2)
|
25.5 ± 5.9
|
26.6 ± 5.2
|
24.2 ± 3.2
|
25.0 ± 3.8
|
25.8 ± 4.1
|
26.3 ± 9.1
|
0.001
|
0.045
|
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)
|
83 ± 28
|
96 ± 16
|
107 ± 21
|
90 ± 20
|
85 ± 26
|
62 ± 29
|
<0.001
|
<0.001
|
*UAER (mg/24-h)
|
18 (2–8271)
|
14 (4–157)
|
10 (4–39)
|
7 (2–236)
|
33 (4–4512)
|
130 (4–8271)
|
0.36
|
<0.001
|
Smokers (%)
|
21
|
6
|
23
|
18
|
19
|
25
|
0.002
|
0.18
|
Antihypertensive treatment (%)
|
71
|
0
|
0
|
56
|
90
|
98
|
N/A
|
<0.001
|
Cardiovascular disease (%)
|
21
|
4
|
1
|
14
|
30
|
29
|
0.14
|
<0.001
|
Left ventricular hypertrophy (%)
|
4
|
7
|
7
|
4
|
4
|
4
|
0.91
|
0.82
|
Autonomic dysfunction (%)
|
60
|
7
|
7
|
53
|
64
|
83
|
0.48
|
<0.001
|
Retinopathy (%)
|
81
|
0
|
23
|
83
|
84
|
96
|
<0.001
|
<0.001
|