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Table 1 Patient characteristics

From: Circulating alpha-klotho levels are not disturbed in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without macrovascular disease in the absence of nephropathy

 

Diabetes

 

No Diabetes

 
 

No MVD (n = 11)

CAD (n = 12)

PAD (n = 12)

 

Healthy control (n = 15)

CAD (n = 13)

PAD (n = 14)

p value

Demographics

        

Age (years)

56.0 (50.0-63.0)a

65.5 (62.0-71.0)

70.5 ± (63.5-74.0)

 

55.0 (53.0-56.0)b

57.0 (53.0-71.0)

59.5 (53.0-64.0)

p < 0.05

Sex (% male)

5 (46)

6 (50)

6 (50)

 

8 (53)

9 (69)

8 (57)

NS

Body mass index (kg/m2)

32.6 ± 2.6c

32.2 ± 2.1c

28.5 ± 3.1

 

24.5 ± 0.8

27.1 ± 1.0

23.6 ± 0.9

p < 0.001

Diabetes duration (years)

14.2 ± 1.0

16.8 ± 1.5d

11.3 ± 1.6

 

-

-

-

p < 0.05

Smoking (%)

3 (27)

1 (8)

2 (17)

 

2 (13)

5 (39)

8 (57)i

p < 0.05

Metabolic variables

        

WBC count (106/mL)

7.9 (5.7-11.9)

7.0 (5.8-7.4)

8.7 (7.4-10.2)

 

5.6 (4.4-6.4)e

5.5 (5.1-6.8)

8.1 (5.9-9.2)

p < 0.05

Glucose (mmol/L)

7.1 ± 0.4f

9.7 ± 1.5f

9.5 ± 1.5f

 

5.3 ± 0.1

-

6.0 ± 0.6

p < 0.001

HbA1c - (%)

7.9 (7.2-9.8)f

8.3 (6.8-8.5)f

7.4 (6.6-8.4)f

 

5.6 (5.5-5.9)

5.8 (5.6-6.0)

5.6 (5.5-6.0)

p < 0.001

- (mmol/mol)

62.8 (54.6-83.1)f

66.7 (50.8-69.4)f

57.4 (48.6-68.3)f

 

37.7 (36.6-41.0)

39.9 (37.7-42.1)

37.7 (36.1-42.1)

p < 0.001

Cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.2 (3.6-4.7)

4.3 (3.8-5.2)

4.3 (3.8-4.5)

 

5.8 (5.0-6.3)g

4.0 (3.6-4.5)

4.4 (3.4-5.9)

p < 0.01

Triglyceriden (mmol/L)

1.6 (1.1-2.1)

2.1 (1.7-3.0)

1.9 (1.3-2.2)

 

1.5 (1.0-1.8)

1.4 (0.9-2.1)

1.9 (0.9-2.8)

NS

HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.3 (1.2-1.4)

1.1 (1.1-1.3)h

1.1 (0.9-1.4)

 

1.5 (1.4-1.9)

1.2 (1.2-1.5)

1.3 (1.0-1.7)

p < 0.05

LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

2.3 (1.9-2.6)

2.1 (2.0-3.1)

2.1 (1.6-2.7)

 

3.6 (3.3-4.0)g

2.2 (1.9-2.8)

2.3 (1.7-3.5)

p < 0.01

Creatinine (μmol/L)

64.5 (53.5-76.0)

68.5 (66.0-79.0)

68.0 (57.0-89.0)

 

75.0 (63.0-82.0)

80.0 (75.0-84.0)

71.0 (63.0-79.0)

NS

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

97.3 (87.0-107.4)

86.1 (82.7-90.3)

80.8 (73.2-90.4)

 

94.9 (87.1-97.9)

90.0 (66.6-99.1)

99.7 (80.2-101.5)

NS

BUN (mmol/L)

6.2 (4.7-7.0)

6.5 (5.5-7.4)

7.0 (5.9-7.9)

 

6.2 (5.5-7.0)

6.3 (5.9-6.9)

6.2 (4.4-6.5)

NS

Phosphate (mmol/L)

1.1 ± 0.1

1.2 ± 0.1

1.4 ± 0.1

 

1.2 ± 0.1

1.3 ± 0.1

1.4 ± 0.1

NS

Calcium (mmol/L)

2.7 (2.5-2.8)

2.9 (2.5-3.4)

2.9 (2.4-3.2)

 

2.7 (2.3-2.9)

2.9 (2.6-3.1)

2.9 (2.5-3.3)

NS

sKlotho (pg/mL)

581.4 (496.8-651.9)

561.0 (463.2-747.0)

493.7 (287.8-777.7)

 

434.7 (345.8-662.9)

490.5 (349.0-549.4)

518.9 (401.5-570.5)

NS

FGF23 (RU/mL)

131.0 (118.5-147.0)

117.5 (106.0-256.0)

149.0 (120.0-237.0)

 

99.5 (87.0-119.0)

97.0 (88.0-112.0)

121.0 (105.0-140.0)

NS

Medication

        

Insulin (%)

10 (91)

11 (92)

8 (67)

 

-

-

-

NS

Oral glucose-lowering

6 (55)

8 (67)

10 (83)

 

-

-

-

NS

agents (%)

        

Statins (%)

7 (64)

11 (92)

10 (83)

 

1 (7)i

13 (100)i

10 (71)

p < 0.001

ACE inhibitors (%)

7 (64)

5 (42)

7 (58)

 

1 (7)i

10 (77)i

6 (43)

p < 0.01

Angiotensin II inhibitor (%)

2 (18)

4 (33)

1 (8)

 

0 (0)

1 (8)

2 (14)

NS

Alpha blockers (%)

1 (9)

0 (0)

0 (0)

 

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

NS

Beta blockers (%)

1 (9)

7 (58)

3 (25)

 

1 (7)i

12 (92)i

3 (21)

p < 0.001

Calcium antagonists (%)

4 (36)

7 (58)i

5 (42)

 

0 (0)i

1 (8)

3 (21)

p < 0.01

Diuretics (%)

6 (55)

9 (75)i

6 (50)

 

1 (7)i

4 (31)

3 (21)

p < 0.01

Antiaggregants (%)

2 (18)i

9 (75)

7 (58)

 

0 (0)i

12 (92)i

11 (79)i

p < 0.001

Anticoagulants (%)

1 (9)

0 (0)

1 (8)

 

0 (0)

2 (15)

1 (7)

NS

  1. Data are presented as percentage, or as mean ± SEM for normally distributed data, or as median (interquartile range) for skewed data as appropriate. Statistically significant with ANOVA compared with: adiabetes with PAD. bdiabetes with CAD, diabetes with PAD. cno diabetes with PAD, healthy control. ddiabetes with PAD. ediabetes without MVD, diabetes with PAD, no diabetes with PAD. fall groups without diabetes. gdiabetes without MVD, diabetes with PAD, no diabetes with CAD. hhealthy control. istatistically significant with χ 2 test. NS: not significant.